A bad hair day Essay Example

A messy hair day Paper A messy hair day I can always remember how my mother humiliated me when I was in fourth grade. My mother had Just completed her preparation from excellence school and needed to rehearse on giving hair styles. One day after school I had no way out however turned into the first of hers. She said my hair was too long to even think about taking consideration of and she needed to trim my hair today since she was worn out on observing my hair wherever in the house. I concurred with her and concluded the time had come to relinquish my pig tail. She snatched a seat from the lounge area and spread out all the expert instruments she purchased from excellence school. We will compose a custom paper test on A messy hair day explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on A messy hair day explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on A messy hair day explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer When I plunked down on the seat she immediately stuck a sparkly dark cape at my neck and got a brush and a shower bottle. l figured out how to do the well known Audrey Hepburn pixie crop in Roman occasion, She said while sifting through my hair and splashing cold water on it. The following thing I saw was she took an immense lump of hair on my left side and killed off right over my ear. No! I dont need my hair excessively short! I Jerked my head to the correct side and shouted. Quit moving or I will cut your ear! She shouted at me and focused my head back once more. Because of the severe Asian child rearing, disobedience would get me in a tough situation. So I stayed silent and had my arms crossed under the cape while she kept trimming ceaselessly at my hair. I looked over as she put down the scissors and asked tensely: Can I see it? Not yet. She answered and got an electric scissors, Its somewhat lopsided in the back, yet Im goanna fix it. She named my head down with power and began to shave around my ear towards my scruff. I had an awful inclination this would have been a fiasco however out of regard I didnt state anything. Furthermore, my idea was affirmed when I saw my appearance in the mirror: I didnt recognize what Audrey Hepburn pixie crop resembles yet I seemed as though a kid wearing a coconut protective cap. My blasts were in excess of an inch over my eyebrows! I came to up to feel the rear of my head and I trembled at the vibe of short prickly hair. l resemble a kid! I cannot go to class this way! I separated into tears. Bullwhip, Just wear a dress tomorrow, mothers face turned somewhat red and chastened at me, Stop being ludicrous. I went to class the following day in a white dabs red summer dress that my mother made me wear. On my approach to class, each progression I took I felt incredibly self oblivious. I held my head down as I strolled into the study hall and trusted nobody was looking. However, the idiotic dress put me under the spot light and promptly the entirety of my cohorts broke out giggling. I caught some person from my group said why a kid is wearing a young ladies dress. I was so humiliated and I needed to vanish. I truly trusted I didnt wear that dress. The hair style was terrible enough and dress exacerbated it! I dont recall how could I traverse the day, yet all I recollect was I didnt wear any dresses for quite a while after that and I never let my mother trim my hair again.

Investment Report on Qantas Airlines

Speculation Report on Qantas Airlines Presentation Qantas fundamental global center points are at Sydney and Melbourne air terminal, just as works a noteworthy number of worldwide flights. Qantas possesses Jetstar Airways and when it became privatized in 1993, got one of the most gainful aircrafts on the planet. Qantas has an aggregate of 299 airplanes and 29,350 workers starting at 2015, and its nearest rival is Singapore Airlines (SIA). Qantas objective is to be the universes best aircraft, giving travel encounters and putting security first consistently. Since 2006, Qantas has spared over 2.5 million tons of carbon outflow through its Qantas Future Planet Program. This is Qantass program for their manageability, natural and social activities. In 2008, Qantas requested 20 A380s, and utilizing Required Navigation Performance and air traffic the executives, assisted with sparing a large number of kilograms of carbon outflow. In 2012, Qantas won an honor for setting the standard for huge associations and has won another 3 honors till date. Monetary/Economic Performance Table 1.0 General Information on Qantas Monetary Information and Analysis of Qantas This part of the report intends to give pertinent money related data, examination and the benefit of Qantas. This report additionally analyzes among Qantas and SIA to give a more inside and out assessment on the productivity of Qantas. Benefit Analysis of Qantas As found in Table 1.0, Qantas had a negative profit for resources (ROA), return on value (ROE), just as net revenue. As indicated by Max Mason (2014), the legal misfortune doesn't speak to a money misfortune to the organization, rather it is a paper misfortune in the estimation of its advantages. Be that as it may, in 2015, Qantas made a rebound and made an expansion of 26%. In addition, Qantas made a 83% expansion consequently on value (ROE) and their net revenue expanded by 31%. This shows Qantass negative proportions were most presumably brought about by absence of clients needing to travel. ROA measures the arrival earned by the board through activities just as mirrors the consequence of the entitys capacity to change over deals income into benefit. ROE gauges the pace of profit for the capital contributed by investors. A continued high ROE pulls in new contenders to the business and in the end disintegrates abundance ROE. Net revenue is a proportion of benefit. It is utilized to ascertain the net benefit as a level of the income. Liquidity Analysis Table 1.1 Liquidity Analysis of Qantas While figuring current proportion, it is ideal if the proportion is at least 1 than 1. A great many people respect a present proportion that is under 1, as an organization that is confronting bankruptcy. While Qantas for this situation has a proportion of under 1, it is as yet ameliorating to realize that their advantages despite everything contain enough money and receivables, and one of the non-current liabilities contains income got ahead of time. In spite of the fact that it is unmerited, when the sum got is earned, it will be credited likewise. 2.3 Profitability Ratios Between Qantas and SIA Table 1.3 Profitability Ratios among Qantas and SIA Table 1.4 Qantas and SIA Financial Statement 2015 2.3.1 ROA Comparison Between Qantas and SIA Profit Before Interest and Tax (EBIT) shows the income created by the organization, overlooking assessment and obligation. A high EBIT would imply that the organization is either winning a high income or have low costs. As found in Table 1.4, in spite of the fact that the income earned is about the equivalent, SIAs use is higher, in this way bringing about a lower EBIT. Including to that, SIAs resource is higher than Qantas, in this manner bringing about a lower ROA. The ROA shows that Qantas can change over deals income into benefit superior to SIA just as better at creating pay from its advantage ventures. Additionally, this converts into proficiency in utilizing its assets in order to create a decent return for financial specialists. 2.3.2 ROE Comparison Between Qantas and SIA As observed from Table 1.4, Qantas NPAT is higher than SIA, which converts into Qantas being better at gaining an arrival on the value gave to them. That can be seen from the measure of value the two organizations have. For SIA, this is the thing that we call a capital supported organization. A capital supported organization depends on speculation from investors to work and for SIA, it is indicated that they are not utilizing their ventures to empower a decent come back to their speculators. 2.3.3 Profit Margin Comparison Between Qantas and SIA Overall revenue is a proportion used to ascertain a companys monetary execution. Ordinarily, a low overall revenue would show lower deals than different organizations in the business. As observed from Table 1.3 and 1.4, Qantas has nearly a similar income, yet a higher net revenue than SIA, which could show that they are cost cognizant, in this way have less consumption. Social Performance of Qantas Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), is a type of self-guideline that organizations take part in, to give some social great, past the interests of the firm, controllers and ecological security gatherings. By attempted CSR, organizations can contact customers trust through positive advertising and urge the organization to have an effect on nature and partners. Qantas accomplices with associations, for example, Make-A-Wish, e-motion21, Mardi Gras and UNICEF to advance a positive change. 3.1 Make-A-Wish Australia Qantas is the official carrier of Make-A-Wish Australia, an association that awards wishes to kids with perilous sicknesses. Since 1985, more than 8000 wishes had been conceded and since 2008, the Qantas Foundation has given over $5.7 million for admirable missions in Australia. Qantas additionally satisfied the desire of a kid, with stage 4 Wilms tumor, who needed to be a pilot by carrying him to a plane test system just as indicated him around the activities of a plane. 3.2 E.motion21 E.motion21 is a non-benefit association that means to improve the lives of individuals with down disorder through move, wellness and execution. As a corporate accomplice, Qantas bolstered the association by sending 18 artists and their families to South Africa for the World Down Syndrome Congress and even gave Lauren Potter an unexpected serenade when she contacted down in Australia. 3.3 Mardi Gras Otherwise called the Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras in Australia, its a procession to observe Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) pride. As a significant accomplice of the procession, Qantas commends the soul of decent variety by having their own Gay 380 buoy. Qantas is additionally a Gay-Friendly aircraft, with direct trips to Australia and New Zealand, nations with a flourishing LGBT people group. 3.4 UNICEF Giving philanthropic help to kids and moms in creating nations, UNICEF is a non-benefit association that depends on government and private financing. UNICEF cooperated with Qantas to make the Change for Good program, where Qantas travelers undesirable extra change were gathered and given to UNICEF to give course books to instruction or shielding kids from maladies. This idea has helped raise in any event $28 million in the course of recent years. Ecological Performance of Qantas Qantas steps up to the plate in ensuring the earth on both land and air, and has organizations that advance manageability and protection. The most significant activity would be noticeable all around, where planes are habitually discharging outflows that gradually hurts the ozone layer. Since 2007, Qantas has been diminishing destructive outflows, making them one of the business heads in natural security. Starting at 2014, Qantas figured out how to decrease power utilization by 9%, water utilization by 11% and landfill by 20%. To arrive at their 2020 objective, Qantas has been utilizing Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF), putting resources into eco-friendliness, flying carbon impartial, and reusing. On the ground, Qantas secures the earth in a roundabout way by utilizing gaseous petrol for their central station just as a decrease in utilities utilized. 4.1 In the Air 4.1.1 Sustainable Aviation Fuel SAF is presently in its subsequent age and at present, 2% of worldwide outflows originate from avionics and is required to ascend to 3% by 2050. Albeit sun based, electric and hydrogen airplanes are being looked into on now, it is still progressively attainable to utilize SAF because of flights requirement for high capacity to-weight proportion. In 2012, Qantas was the primary Australian aircraft to utilize SAF to work a business flight and have joined forces with Shell Australia and the legislature to investigate the creation of SAF in Australia. In an examination led with industry accomplices, discoveries have demonstrated that SAF can bring about the formation of 12,000 clean vitality employments, a 17% decrease in outflows and a $2 billion decrease in the dependence of oil imports. 4.1.2 Fuel Efficiency Program As of late, Qantas has eliminated old planes and bought more up to date ones that are outfitted with the most recent innovation and motors. A portion of the planes incorporate the Airbus A380, Boeing 787 Dreamliner and Airbus A320 neo. Different techniques for eco-friendliness would incorporate weight decrease by putting resources into lighter hardware or modifying the measure of versatile water the plane conveys dependent on traveler needs and division length. 4.1.3 Flying Carbon Neutral Since the dispatch of the Fly Carbon Neutral program in 2007, Qantas has figured out how to balance over 1.8 million tons of carbon. Carbon counterbalancing in business terms, is the buying of carbon credits to empower organizations to make up for their carbon outflows. For Qantas, in addition to the fact that they offset their workers carbon impression, yet each time a client flies on Qantas, they can decide to counterbalance a lot of carbon discharges. At the end of the day, you contribute an entirety of cash equal to your carbon impression and Qantas will utilize that commitment to finance carbon balance extends that gives veritable, enduring natural and social advantages. Qantas doesn't procure from the commitment and Fly Carbon Neutral is the biggest aircraft counterbalanced expert

Dubuque

Dubuque Dubuque d?byo?ok ´ [key], city (1990 pop. 57,546), seat of Dubuque co., NE Iowa, on the Mississippi River; chartered 1841. It is a trade, industrial, cultural, and rail center and a river port for an agricultural and dairying area. It makes foods, beer, metal products, chemicals, and machinery; high-technology industries are growing. The National Mississippi River Museum and Aquarium anchors a redeveloped waterfront. One of the oldest cities in the state, it was named for Julien Dubuque, who had settled nearby c.1788. Native title to the territory ended with the Black Hawk Treaty of 1832, and white settlers began to pour in. Iowa's first newspaper, the Du Buque Visitor, was established in 1836. Dubuque developed first as a mining town, then as a lumbering and milling center. It is the seat of the Univ. of Dubuque, Clarke College, and Loras College. St. Raphael's Cathedral (1857) and the Ham House Museum are in the city; nearby are Crystal Lake Cave, the U.S. locks and dam on the M ississippi, and the New Mellera (Trappist) Abbey. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. Political Geography

Health Information Exchange Essay example - 1687 Words

TaNesha Hoskins August 14, 2012 Course Project Health Information Exchange Table of Contents Introduction History of HIE †¢ What is HIE? †¢ What is Illinois HIE program? The Challenge †¢ Why do we need HIE? Benefits of HIE †¢ How does HIE work? †¢ Who set the standards for national health information program? †¢ What are the benefits to the patients, providers, insurance carriers, etc? Privacy and Security †¢ How is patient data secured when exchanged through HIE? Conclusion References Introduction A Health Information Exchange, or HIE, is technology that enables the electronic movement of health-related information among health care providers and others. HIEs are an†¦show more content†¦Using ILHIE Direct is simple, intuitive and very much like sending an e-mail. Best of all, ILHIE Direct is offered at no cost at least through 2012. The Challenge of Health Information Exchange HIE face a range of challenges as they try to get hundreds and even thousands of participants in sharing data. Getting data in front of doctors and other clinicians is one of the biggest challenges HIEs face. Ideally, it would be delivered directly to a providers EMR system, so when a patient goes to an outside lab for blood tests, the results would show up in the electronic record at the doctors office, and the doctor would be notified that the results are there. However, with limited EMR use across the country, HIEs have had to provide alternative delivery methods. HIE is considered to be one of the key components of the national health IT infrastructure being established by the HITECH Act. Policymakers and health care providers believe this health IT infrastructure will produce a number of benefits, many of which are directly related to HIE. Benefits of HIE Physicians can help to ease the transition to a patient electronic health record by engaging the patients in open dialogue that will educate the patient on the benefits of an electronic record and address their concerns. Physicians can let patients know that their electronic record will enable them toShow MoreRelatedLow Users Adoption Of Health Information Exchange1769 Words   |  8 Pageswas to explore the reasons behind low user adoption of Health Information Exchange. These reasons include technology, financial, and resource limitations which can be driven by the size of the organizations and their regional location. Also coming into play as a strong barrier can be the unwanted but necessary partnerships that many clinical institutions must enter into to provide the most well-rounded and full picture of data to exchange. The theories to fixing these user adoption issues thatRead MoreHealth Information Exchange Essay1838 Words   |  8 PagesHEALTH INFORMATION EXCHANGE Heather S HIT 141-10129 Professor Patricia Brennan October 12, 2014 Table of Contents Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦page 3 What is Health Information Exchange †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.page 3 The History behind Health Information Exchange †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.page 4 Benefits having an Health Information Exchange System†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦page 5 The different challenges surrounding having an HIE †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..page 6-7 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦page 7-8 Work Cited/Reference Page†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreHealth Information Exchange802 Words   |  4 PagesHealth Information Exchange is leading the way to better Medical Care Medicine has come a long way in the past few decades. Today’s doctors and nurses have some amazing tools at their disposals. The latest high tech equipment, modern pharmaceuticals and procedures but in many cases the most important tool that is needed is information. Patient information to be more precise is what is needed. Correct and up to the minute information about a patients history is a vital part of treatment. AndRead MoreHealth Information Exchange2183 Words   |  9 PagesTable of Contents INTRODUCTION 3 HEALTH INFORMATION EXCHANGE (HIE) 3 WHAT IS HIE? 3 HISTORY OF HIE 4 COMMUNITY HEALTH MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS 4 COMMUNITY HEALTH INFORMATION NETWORKS 4 IOM REPORTS 5 REGIONAL HEALTH INFORMATION ORGANIZATIONS 5 HIE TODAY 6 BENEFITS OF HIE 7 CURRENT CHALLENGES 7 ESTABLISHING A BASE OF SUPPORT 7 INTERCONNECTING TECHNOLOGY 8 ESTABLISHING FINANCIAL LIABILITY AMID UNCERTAINTY 8 HIM ROLE IN HIE 9 CONCLUSION 9 REFERENCES 10 Introduction Read MoreThe Health Information Exchange3259 Words   |  14 Pageswebsite to malfunction are controlled and driven out, the new â€Å"Obamacare† will become a high cost and frustration for consumers to use. To date consumers in St Louis and the Metro East along with the rest of America, have not been thrilled with the Health Insurance Marketplace website at healthcare.gov, which is the initial step towards the new Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA). The site has been choked with enrollees trying to meet the December 15, 2013 deadline, which is necessaryRead MoreHealth Information Exchange ( Hie )1330 Words   |  6 PagesHealth information exchange (HIE) is the process of transporting medical-related information electronically between healthcare providers. Health information exchange was formed by the Hartford Foundation in 1990, with the establishment of Community Health Management Information Systems (CHMIS). Today, there are many models and f orms that support health information exchange. Healthcare providers and organizations may have challenges with this new way of exchanging patient information, however, thereRead Morehealth information exchange Essay836 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Health Information Exchange The Health information exchange or also known as HIE is the sending of healthcare-related data electronically to facilities, health information organizations and government agencies according to national standards. The goal is to be able to access and retrieve data more efficient, safer, and to improve the quality of care and patient safety and reduce healthcare costs. The Health Information Exchange has existed for over two decades. In the 1990s there wereRead MoreThe Health Information Exchange And Hie983 Words   |  4 Pagesurity†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Page 4â€Æ' Introduction When it comes to healthcare there are a lot of things that have evolved. One in particular is that of the patients’ health care records and how they are written as well as being stored. In this paper I will be discussing the evolution of this process via the Health Information Exchange or HIE. This will involve the history of the system, problems that are involved in this evolution, as well as the security issues that will need to be addressed when movingRead MoreHealth Information Exchange ( Hie )1624 Words   |  7 PagesHealth Information Exchange (HIE) is an electronic way for health care providers, patients, and payers to access and securely share medical information. There are data breaches everyday so patient and providers are concerned about the privacy and security of the HIE. Patients fear that sensitive health information related to dire diseases will be disclosed and used against them in decisions related to health insurance coverage or employment according to Me rtz (2009, p.1). Providers are concernedRead MoreHealth Information Exchange Essay1724 Words   |  7 Pageschallenges and where we are now with Health Information Exchange. What is a HIE? A health information exchange (HIE) is a safe computer network that links the electronic health information systems of different health care providers, permitting those providers to share clinical and demographic data of patients they have in common. HIE provides the ability to electronically move health care information between various systems while maintaining the meaning of the information being exchanged. In other words

Revenge A Theme in Beowulf Essay - 638 Words

Have you ever wanted to avenge a wrong doing done unto you? Well, the characters in Beowulf will stop at nothing to achieve vengeance. Revenge is so immensely practiced that it is a common act to pay of a deed done by an offender. However, a payment or truce does not satisfy the desire for revenge in the Poem. Every time a Character precedes to make peace, it eventually falls apart by a desire to avenge loved ones. This desire is usually upheld until someone is no longer left to be avenged or no one is left to avenge those whom they loved. This, although it may not seem so, happens commonly in this epic. The Danes seem to have disputes with everyone, some ending with them basking in glory and others ending, well, with not so much†¦show more content†¦Both are examples of how alliance did not satisfy the lust for vengeance. Beowulf states (line 1380) â€Å"It is always better to avenge dear ones than indulge in mourning.† I find this interesting because he is saying this to the Danish leader, and the Danes always try to avenge dear ones, but are great at procrastinating others who want vengeance unto them. Beowulf’s statement is also interesting because his own father killed someone and, like they always do, the Danes payed his Wergild. I can see why Beowulf says this though. He is involved in every cycle of revenge, which is important, in the book: Grendel and the hall, The Swedes and the Geats, and the shortest cycle, the dragon. In the cycle with Grendel, Beowulf killed him and his mother so no one was left to avenge him. With the Dragon, no one was left for the Geats to avenge. With the Swedes, after Beowulf’s death their is no one left to fight back against the Swedes’ acts of vengeance. The battle between the Geats and the Swedes is probably one of the most notable out of the three, for the topic of revenge. Hrethel passes leading the the Swedes campaigning against the Geats. Then in a battle Hygelac’s brother is killed. After Ongentheow is killed by thanes of Hygelac. Hygelac is killed in a fight against theShow MoreRelatedRevenge Essay : The Theme Of Revenge In Beowulf1202 Words   |  5 Pagesthey all have their own survival skills also have their own revenge plan .Beowulf fight for his people in the country;Grendel’s mother revenge for her son; Wiglaf fight for his King and loyalty; They all did really good revenge for their own people, for their family and for their loyalty.In the epic poem Beowulf, the idea of vengeance is exemplified through the actions of Beowulf, Grendel’s mother and Wiglaf. The first character did revenge is Beowulf.Beowulf begins with the story of Hrothgar andRead MoreDifferent Ideas Extracted from the Story, Beowulf647 Words   |  3 PagesIn the story Beowulf, many different ideas can be extracted. It envelopes lineage which was crucial in the Anglo-Saxon period. It also envelopes kennings, litotes, and alliteration which was crucial to the formatting of the story. Most importantly it involves various themes. These themes include loyalty, generosity, reputation, and revenge. Themes are a vital part of a story and Beowulf in particular involves many. Loyalty is an extremely important trait one could have. It involves trust, courageRead MoreViolence and Societal Change in Beowulf Essay1305 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"development of the Canadian forest industry...† Violence (conflict) is necessary to producing social change and an improved society. The theme of violence in Beowulf is portrayed by the character Beowulf’s presence, usefulness and hero status in the poem with the understanding that violence is a necessary function of society. Violence also extends itself to the theme of revenge which is perpetuated by violence and represented by three monsters; Grendel, Grendel’s mother, and the dragon. It is through theseRead MoreTheme Of Heroism In Beowulf1139 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Beowulf† is the oldest surviving poem in Old English Literature. It is an epic poem, which is a narrative poem typically revolving around heroism. The poem emphasizes repetitively on how Beowulf is a hero. He saves coun tless people from countless monsters, three of which are the main antagonists in the poem – a demon, the demon’s mother, and a dragon. But is saving innocent lives the only factor to justify and determine a person’s heroism? Throughout the story of Beowulf, the author makes appealsRead MoreEssay on Revenge of Beowulf1181 Words   |  5 PagesRevenge of Beowulf Beowulf is an epic poem that, above all, gives the reader an idea of a time long past; a time when the most important values were courage and integrity. The only factors that could bestow shower fame upon a person were heroic deeds and family lineage. Beowulf, as the paradigm of pagan heroes, exhibited his desire to amass fame and fortune; the only way to do so was to avenge the death of others. This theme of retribution that is ever present throughout the poem seems toRead MoreRetribution in Beowulf1124 Words   |  5 Pagesfame to somebody was heroic deeds and family lineage. Beowulf, as the example of pagan heroes, exhibited his desire to accumulate fame and fortune; the only way to do so was to avenge the death of others. This theme of retribution that is present throughout the whole poem seems to enrich the identities of its characters. In _Beowulf_, revenge is represented with both an honest and rhetorical motives. Payback of monsters offenses is Beowulf s path to the top: worldwide fame, infinite wealthRead MoreEssay about Pagan Aspects in Beowulf1573 Words   |  7 Pages Scholars have argued about the religious stance of the epic poem Beowulf for centuries. Although the man who put the poem down on paper, known as the Beowulf poet, was a devout Christian, the actual poem itself is pagan. There are many clues in the epic that lead us to this conclusion such as the numerous references to pagan symbols, namely the symbol of fate. Also, the central idea of revenge in the poem opposes the ideas of Christianity. The poem also contains many breaches of the TenRead MorePaganism In Beowulf953 Words   |  4 PagesPaganism in Beowulf Beowulf was composed when England was transitioning from a pagan to a Christian culture. In chapter 3 of A Little History of Literature, it is said that Beowulf was likely written by a Christian monk who inserted Christian themes into the story. This is why Beowulf reflects both Christian and pagan views. These two religions and their elements affect the story in different ways. There are pagan views of fate and fame in Beowulf, but there are also Christian themes of humilityRead MoreBeowulf and the Tempest-Revenge966 Words   |  4 PagesRevenge Many comparisons can be seen between Shakespeare’s novel The Tempest and the epic Beowulf. One of the strongest similarities is the idea of revenge. Shakespeare’s novel occurs basically in order for Prospero to have revenge on his enemies from usurping his dukedom. Beowulf’s original monster, Grendel, starts acting out less due to revenge and more out of pure frustration. His death though, causes his mother to act on revenge, killing one of Hrothgar’s trusted advisor, Aeschere, causingRead MoreThe Creation Of A Monster By Mary Shelley1697 Words   |  7 Pageswarrior named Beowulf firm the land of the Geats under the ruling of King Hygelac hears about King Hrothgar’s dilemma and he leaves his people to help King Hrothgar even though his people were sad that he was leaving. He promises to slay the monster and he does as well as he slay the monster’s mother. Beowulf ends up becoming King of the Geats. His heroism is not over because a thie f awakens a dragon in a lair trying when he was trying to steal treasure. The dragon attacks the Geats and Beowulf defeats

Understanding the Financial Statements Free Essays

Submitted By:Salina Thapa Rana Magar (12077697)Sona Limbu (12078108)FINC20018 Managerial FinanceProfessor: Angelique McInnesCentral Queensland UniversityBrisbane Campus Term 1 201821st April 2018Table of ContentsQuestion No. 1: Understanding the Financial Statements (Chapter 3) Answer:Part 1:Financial Statement shows the total financial functioning of the firm. Any business entities can easily assume the financial status of the company by using the financial statement of the company. We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding the Financial Statements or any similar topic only for you Order Now At the end of specific period, each business prepares Profit and Loss Account (Income Statement), Statement of Financial Position (Balance Sheet), Statement of Cash Flows (Cash flow statement) and Statement of Changes in Equity. Cash flow statement is one of the major financial statement which records all the amount that a business is receiving from its business transactions as well as the amount that it disburses. The cash flow statement is prepared to find out how business is generating cash and how effectively they are utilizing their cash resources in productive sector. Cash flow statement if managed properly would help the firm to skip cash crisis in the business. As a result, business can assure the availability of cash to cover the due expenses. Cash flow statement depicts the position of economic status of the companyThe main objective of preparing cash flow is:To find out the sources and areas of cash incoming and cash outgoing respectively.To allocate the situation on which business might be in the position of cash insufficiency or cash surplus.Cash flow statement is prepared to predict future cash inflows or outflows. To deliver information regarding the capability of firm to pay its liabilities or taxes.To evaluate whether the firm is on the right track or not by measuring the overall financial records of the company at specific time.To deliver information for making capital budgeting decisions. To evaluate the overall performance of the firm by making comparison between their actual performance and future predictions of cash flow. Part 2Cash flow statement shows the mobility cash in three different areas of business activities: Operating activitiesFinancing activitiesInvesting activitiesCash flow statement provides the answer to the following questions:What are the primary sources of cash incoming?What are the basic operating activities of a firm to generate cash? How does the firm manage their extra funds if the business faces shortages?What are the main investment areas of business?What is the reason behind increase or decrease in cash flow?Part 3a) Calculation of Quality of Earnings RatioThe quality of earnings ratio for two firms i.e. Woodside Petroleum Ltd and Origin Energy for the latest three years is calculated as follows:Woodside Petroleum Ltd (WPL.AX)2017 2016 2015Quality of Earning Ratio = Cash flow from operationsNet Profit = 2,400,0001,024,000 = 2.3438 = 2,587,000868,000= 2.9804 = 2,475,00026,000 = 95. 1923Origin Energy (ORG.AX)2017 2016 2015Quality of Earning Ratio = Cash flow from operationsNet Profit = 1,289,000-2,226,000 = – 0.5791 = 1,404,000-628,000= – 2.2357 = 1,833,000-658,000 = -2.7857b)c) Capital Acquisition RatioThe capital acquisition ratio for both firms i.e. Woodside Petroleum Ltd and Origin Energy for the latest three years is calculated in the following tables:Woodside Petroleum Ltd (WPL.AX)2017 2016 2015 Cash Acquisition Ratio= Cash flow from operationsCash paid forcapital expenditure= 2,400,0001,390,000 = 1.7266 = 2,587,0001,860,000= 1.3909 = 2,475,0001,819,000 = 1.3606Origin Energy (ORG.AX)2017 2016 2015Cash AcquisitionRatio= Cash flow from operationsCash paid forcapital expenditure = 1,289,000-419,000 = – 3.0764 = 1,404,000-572,000= – 2.4545 = 1,833,000-1,484,000 = -1.2352 d)After comparing Woodside Petroleum Ltd and Origin Energy’s ability to utilize the operating cash flow to finance their capital expenditure, we came to the conclusion that †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Question No. 2: The Income Statement (Chapter 3)Answer: a.CQU Oil LimitedIncome StatementFor the year ended†¦.Sales $ 2,500,000Cost of Goods Sold (700,000)Gross Profit 1,800,000Operating Expenses Cash Operating Expenses 150,000 Depreciation Expenses 150,000 Total Operating Expenses (300,000)Operating Profit 1,500,000Interest Expenses (200,000)Profit Before Tax 1300,000Tax (390,000)Net Profit 910,000b. From the above income statement, we can see that CQU Oil’s taxable Income and Tax Payable for the year are $ 1300,000 and $ 390,000 respectively. d.Question No. 3: Financial Analysis (Chapter 4)Calculation of Financial RatiosThe financial ratios for both firms i.e. West farmers Ltd and Woolworths Ltd for the most recent year i.e. 2017 are calculated as follows:West farmers Ltd (WES) Woolworths Ltd (WOW)1. Liquidity RatioCurrent Ratio = Current AssetsCurrent Liabilities = 9667 / 10417 = 0.928002303 = 0.9280 times Current Ratio = Current AssetsCurrent Liabilities. = 6994.2 / 15921.6 = 0.43929 = 0.4393 timesQuick Ratio= Current Assets –InventoryCurrent Liabilities = (9667 -6530) / 10417 = 3137 / 10417 = 0.3012 times Quick Ratio= Current Assets –InventoryCurrent Liabilities = (6994.2 – 4080.4) / 15921.6 = 2913.80 / 15921.6 = 0.1830 timesInventory Ratio=Cost of Goods SoldInventoryInventory Ratio=Cost of Goods SoldInventory = 39739.7 / 4080.4 = 9.7392 times2. Capital Structure RatioDebt Ratio = Total LiabilitiesTotal Assets = 16174 / 40115 = 0.4032 = 40.32% Debt Ratio = Total LiabilitiesTotal Assets= 13039.7 / 22915.8 = 0.5690= 56.90%Interest Coverage Ratio =EBITInterest Expense = 4402 / 213 = 20.6667 Interest Coverage Ratio =EBITInterest Expense3. Asset Management Efficiency RatioTotal Asset Turnover =SalesTotal Assets = 68444 / 40115 = 1.7062 times Total Asset Turnover =SalesTotal Assets= 55475 / 22915.8 = 2.4208 timesFixed AssetTurnover=SalesNet Property, plan Equipment = 68444 / 9440 = 7.2504 times Fixed AssetTurnover=SalesNet Property, plan Equipment = 55475 / 8437.5 = 6.5748 times4. Probability RatioGross Profit Margin= Gross ProfitSales= Gross Profit Margin= Gross ProfitSales = 15928.9 / 55475 = 0.2871 = 28.71%Operating Profit Margin =EBITSales = 4402 / 68444 = 0.0643 = 6.4315% Operating Profit Margin =EBITSales = 2326 / 55475 = 0.0419 = 4.19 %Net Profit Margin=Net ProfitSales = 2873 / 68444 = 0.04197 = 4.1976% Net Profit Margin=Net ProfitSales = 1482 / 55475 = 0.0267 = 2.67%Return on Assets=Operating Profit or EBITTotal Assets = 4402 / 40115 = 0.1097 = 10.97% Return on Assets=Operating Profit or EBITTotal Assets = 2326 / 22915. 8 = 0.1015 = 10.15%Evaluation of Relative Performance of Two Firms in terms of:Liquidity West farmers Ltd (WES) Woolworths Ltd (WOW)Current Ratio 0.9280 times 0.4393 timesQuick Ratio 0.3012 times 0.1830 timesInventory Ratio 9.7392 timesLiquidity Ratio shows the financial status of the company. From the above calculation, we can interpret that West Farmers Limited is more liquid than Woolworths based on its Current Ratio and Quick Ratio. West Farmers had $0.9280 current assets and $0.3012 cash and accounts receivable for every $1 of current liabilities. Whereas Woolworths had $0.1830 current assets and $0.1830 cash and account receivable to pay $1 current liabilities.ii) Asset Management EfficiencyWest farmers Ltd (WES) Woolworths Ltd (WOW)Total Asset Turnover 1.7062 times 2.4208 timesFixed Asset Turnover 7.2504 times 6.5748 timesiii) Financing Practices (Capital Structure)West farmers Ltd (WES) Woolworths Ltd (WOW)Debt Ratio 40.32% 56.90%Interest Coverage Ratio 20.6667 iv) ProfitabilityWest farmers Ltd (WES) Woolworths Ltd (WOW)Gross Profit Margin 28.71%Operating Profit Margin 6.4315% 4.19%Net Profit Margin 4.1976% 2.67%Return on Assets 10.97% 10.15%†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Calculation of Current Price-Earnings Ratio and Market-to-book Ratio:West farmers Ltd (WES) Woolworths Ltd (WOW)Market Value RatiosPrice Earnings Ratio = Market Price Per ShareEarnings Per SharePrice Earnings Ratio = Market Price Per ShareEarnings Per ShareMarket to Book Ratio =Market Price Per ShareBook Value Per ShareMarket to Book Ratio =Market Price Per ShareBook Value Per ShareQuestion no. 4: Time Value of Money (Chapter 5)Solution:Present Value (PV) =$20,000 Time (n) = 40 yearsInterest Rate (i) = 10 % per annum = 0.10 Future Value (FV)=?Timeline i=10% p.a FV=? 0 1 2 3†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ n= 40 years PV=$20,000FV= PV (1+i)n = 20,000(1+0.10)40 = 20,000Ãâ€"45.25925557 = $ 905,185.1114From the above calculation, Emily’s investment from her retirement plan will grow to $905,185.1114 after 40 years at 12% annual interest. b)Timeline i=6% p.a FV=$14,000 0 1 2 n= 3 years PMT=?Deposit on Car (PV)= $14,000No of years (n) = 3 years Annual Interest (i)= 6% =0.06Annuity Payment (PMT)=?We have,FV = PMT (1+i)n-1i14000 = PMT 1+0.06)3-10.06 PMT = 140003.1836PMT = $ 4397.5374To cover the cost of deposit on a new car, Emily needs to keep aside $4397.5374 from her bonus this year. Now, If Annual Interest on Saving (i)=10%=0.10PMT=?FVn = PMT (1+i)n-1i14000 = PMT1+0.10)3-10.10PMT = 140003.31PMT = $4229.6073If the annual rate of interest grows to 10%, then the amount of payment will decrease to $4229.6073.c)At the age 60 years, value of Trust Fund (FV)=?Time (n) = 60-30=30 yearsInterest rate =7%= 0.07Timeline i=7% p.a FV=? 0 1 2 3†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ n= 30 years PV=$50,000 FV = PV ((1+i)n = 50,000 (1+0.07)30 = 50,000 Ãâ€"7.612255043 = $ 380,612.7521When Emily turn 60 years, the value of her trust fund will grow to $380,612.7521 at the rateOf 7% government bond. d)Compounding and discounting have inverse relationship. Compounding method is the way of calculating the future value of money with the given current value of investment at certain compound rate. Whereas Discounting method is used to find out the Present Value of future cash flow using discounting rate. Mathematically,In Compounding Method,Future valuein year nFVn= Present Value(PV) Ãâ€"1+ Annual interest rate (i)number of years nIn Discounting Method,Present ValuePV = Future Value in year nFVn 11+ Annual Interest Rate (i)Number of years (n)e)Question no 5: Risk and Return (Chapter 7)a.Given:Share A Share BProbability Return Probability Return0.3 11% 0.2 -5%0.4 15% 0.3 6%0.3 19% 0.3 14%0.2 22% For Share AExpected rateof returnE(r)=rate of return 1 r1Ãâ€"probabilityof return 1Pr(r1)+rate of return 2 r2Ãâ€"probabilityof return 2Pr(r2) +rate of return 3r3Ãâ€"probabilityof return 3Prr3)= 0.3 Ãâ€" 0.11 + 0.4 Ãâ€" 0.15 + 0.3 Ãâ€"0.19= 0.033 + 0.06 + 0.057= 0.15= 15%Variance in rate of return?2 = rate of return 1 r1-expected rate of returnEr2Ãâ€"probabilityof return 1Pr(r1) + rate of return 1 r1-expected rate of returnEr2Ãâ€"probabilityof return 1Pr(r1) + rate of return 3r3-expected rate of returnE(r)2Ãâ€"probabilityof return 3Pr(r3) = [(0.11 – 0.15)2 Ãâ€" 0.3] + [(0.15 – 0.15)2 Ãâ€" 0.4] + [(0.19 – 0.15)2 Ãâ€" 0.3] = 0.00048 + 0 + 0.00048 = 0.00096 Standard Deviation = Variance =0.00096 = 0.030983867 = 3.0984%For Share BExpected rateof returnE(r)=rate of return 1 r1Ãâ€"probabilityof return 1Pr(r1)+rate of return 2 r2Ãâ€"probabilityof return 2Pr(r2) +rate of return 3r3Ãâ€"probabilityof return 3Prr3)+rate of return 4r4Ãâ€"probabilityof return 4Pr(r4)= 0.2 Ãâ€" (-0.05) + 0.3 Ãâ€" 0.06 + 0.3 Ãâ€"0.14 + 0.2 Ãâ€" 0.22= (-0.01) + 0.018 + 0.042 + 0.044= 0.094= 9.4% Now, Variance in rate of return?2 = rate of return 1 r1-expected rate of returnEr2Ãâ€"probabilityof return 1Pr(r1) + rate of return 1 r1-expected rate of returnEr2Ãâ€"probabilityof return 1Pr(r1) + rate of return 3r3-expected rate of returnE(r)2Ãâ€"probabilityof return 3Pr(r3) + rate of return 4r4-expected rate of returnE(r)2Ãâ€"probabilityof return 4Prr4) = [(-0.05 – 0.094)2 Ãâ€" 0.2] + [(0.06 – 0.094)2 Ãâ€" 0.3] + [(0.14 – 0.094)2 Ãâ€" 0.3] + [(0.22 – 0.094)2 Ãâ€" 0.3] = 0.0041472 + 0.0003468 + 0.0006348 + 0.0031752 = 0.008304Standard Deviation = Variance = 0.008304 = 0.091126286 = 9.1126% b)Shareholders or investors of the company always assume to gain certain profit from the investment they made on their business. Such expectation is referred to as Expected Rate of Return. Whereas Realized Rate of Return is the actual amount of profit or loss that that face from their investment in certain duration of time. c) d. Question No 6: Risk and Return (Chapter 8)Answer:Part 1Systematic Risk and Unsystematic RiskSystematic risk refers to those risks that are associated with the overall market or industry (Vasigh, Fleming ; Mackay, 2010) and cannot be diversified away while unsystematic risk refers to those risk that are associated with the single investment or small class of investment and can be diversified away (Swedroe ; Hempen, 2007). Investment beta is the measure of change in investments’ return to the change in return of the market portfolio. Johnson (2014) also stated that investment’s beta measures the volatility of share relative to volatility of market. Thus, investment’s beta helps to measure the systematic risk of an investment. Therefore, it is very useful in the investment decision. For example: if we want to know the systematic risk of particular investments, we can calculate beta and know the volatility and go for that investments with low volatility. In terms of unsystematic risk, it is calculated by deducting the beta scaled by the market volatility from the volatility of the single stock. Part 2Beta of a Portfolio and Betas of the Individual Investments in the PortfolioPart 3Security Market LineSecurity market line is the graphical representation of Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) i.e. the straight line relationship between expected return and betas that also explains the market price of risk in capital market (Khan, 2004). Return (%)Security Market Liners =rf+rm-rf?rfRisk Beta (?)Figure. Security Market Line. Adapted from â€Å"Investments: An Introduction† by H. B. Mayo, 2013, Boston: Cengage Learning. From the above graph, we can see that risk beta is at the x-axis and expected return on the y-axis. The slope of the security market line is represented by market risk premium which is the difference between expected rate of return on the market portfolio and the risk free rate (i.e.Erm-rf) while the y-intercept of this line represents the risk free interest rate i.e. rf . Part 4Capital Asset Pricing ModelCapital asset pricing model (CAPM) refers to the model that explains the relationship with expected return and the systematic risk of an investment. In a simple word, CAPM is that model which estimates the expected return for any risky assets. According to Mellen (2018), this model helps the business analyst and investor evaluate a suitable rate of return for an investment by giving the general economic, industry and firm’s conditions. CAPM helps to inform the investment decision by first of all measuring the fairest price for an investment on the basis of risk, potential return and other factors and then comparing this fair price with the market price.Therefore, this is how the CAPM can be used to inform the investment decision. Reference Johnson, R. S. (2014). Equity Markets and Portfolio Analysis. New York: John Wiley ; Sons, Inc.Khan, M. Y., ; Jain, P. K. (2004). Financial Management: Text, Problems and Cases. New Delhi: Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Limited. Mayo, H. B. (2013). Investments: An Introduction. Boston: Cengage Learning.Mellen, C. M. (2018). Valuation for M ; A: Building and Measuring Private Company Value. New York: John Wiley ; Sons, Inc.Swedroe, L. E., ; Hempen, J. H. (2007). The only guide to a winning bond strategy you’ll ever need: The way smart money preserves wealth today. New York: St. Martin’s PressVasigh, B., Fleming, K., ; Mackay, L. (2010). Foundation of Airline Finance: Methodology and Practice. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. Reference How to cite Understanding the Financial Statements, Papers

Accounting Theory Impairment policies of Aurizon

Question: Compare and contrast the compliance of the company with the IASB framework and its accounting standards in:a) how plausible is the applied impairment,b) how verifiable is the value declared, andc) the extent to which intangibles are off balance sheet but mentioned elsewhere in the annual report. Answer: Introduction Present study is focused on comparison and contrast of accounting policies adopted by Aurizon in preparation of financial statement with the framework of IASB framework and related accounting standards. For this aspect impairment and valuation policies of companies is considered in the report in order to comment of viability of financial statements. Main Body Impairment Policies of Aurizon In accordance with the Annual report of Aurizon, assets of the company are subjected to impairment each financial year. The company consists large portfolio of non-current tangible assets thus there is a high possibility of a reduction in haulage volume or constant improvements to the productivity of asset possibly will require some assets to be impaired (Huffman, 2014). Financial statement of the company shows impairment of $528 million in current financial year i.e. 2016. In a previous financial year, this amount was $20M. Due to impairment, profit of the company is reduced drastically. Significant Items related to impairments are Investment in Associates ($226M), Rollingstock ($177M) and Strategic infrastructure projects ($125M) (Annual report of Aurizon, 2016). Notes to accounts of annual reports provide a clear indication that AASB 136 and IAS 36 complies in an appropriate manner however reference of this standard is not provided in the explanation. Verifiability of Value Declared Value declared by Aurizon in their financial statements can be verified by the stakeholders as the company had provided accounting policies associated with it in detail manner (Barker, 2015). Further, valuation methods and justification are cited through which reader of financial statement can easily understand the accounting approach of the company and can verify the valuation by considering provided information (Annual report of Aurizon, 2016). Further, the company had recorded assets at is fair value by considering provisions of prudence in order to show true and reliable information to stakeholders. Valuation of assets is done by independent experts in order to ensure reliability and accuracy of financial figures cited in the annual report of the company. Intangible Asset as off-Balance Sheet Item By considering position statement of Aurizon, it can be noticed that value of the intangible asset is $190M in 2016 and in the previous year, it was $127. The company had not recorded intangible asset as off-balance sheet item. The company had complied with the provisions of AASB 138 and IAS 38. They had recognised the intangible by considering the fact that it provides future economic benefit to the business entity (Annual report of Aurizon, 2016). Further, proper treatment for amortisation and impairment is made by considering Australian Accounting Standards. Further, expense related to research stage are recorded in the income statement (Van Mourik and Katsuo, 2014). Further detail description of their policies regarding intangible assets with computations is stipulated in notes to accounts. Conclusion In accordance with the present study, the conclusion can be drawn that financial statements of Aurizon are in accordance with the framework of IASB framework and related accounting standards. The company had provided appropriate disclosure of their accounting policies to provide a better understanding of financial statements to stakeholders. References Books and Journals Barker, R., 2015. Conservatism, prudence and the IASB's conceptual framework. Accounting and Business Research. 45(4)Pp.514-538. Huffman, A.A. 2014.Value relevant asset measurement and asset use: Evidence from International Accounting Standard. 41(Doctoral dissertation, The University of Utah). Van Mourik, C. and Katsuo, Y., 2014. The IASB and ASBJ conceptual frameworks: same objective, different financial performance concepts. Accounting Horizons. 29(1).Pp.199-216. Online Annual report of Aurizon. 2016. [Online]. Available through https://www.aurizon.com.au/~/media/aurizon/files/.../annual%20report%202016.ashx . [Accessed on 19th December 2016].