A bad hair day Essay Example

A messy hair day Paper A messy hair day I can always remember how my mother humiliated me when I was in fourth grade. My mother had Just completed her preparation from excellence school and needed to rehearse on giving hair styles. One day after school I had no way out however turned into the first of hers. She said my hair was too long to even think about taking consideration of and she needed to trim my hair today since she was worn out on observing my hair wherever in the house. I concurred with her and concluded the time had come to relinquish my pig tail. She snatched a seat from the lounge area and spread out all the expert instruments she purchased from excellence school. We will compose a custom paper test on A messy hair day explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on A messy hair day explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on A messy hair day explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer When I plunked down on the seat she immediately stuck a sparkly dark cape at my neck and got a brush and a shower bottle. l figured out how to do the well known Audrey Hepburn pixie crop in Roman occasion, She said while sifting through my hair and splashing cold water on it. The following thing I saw was she took an immense lump of hair on my left side and killed off right over my ear. No! I dont need my hair excessively short! I Jerked my head to the correct side and shouted. Quit moving or I will cut your ear! She shouted at me and focused my head back once more. Because of the severe Asian child rearing, disobedience would get me in a tough situation. So I stayed silent and had my arms crossed under the cape while she kept trimming ceaselessly at my hair. I looked over as she put down the scissors and asked tensely: Can I see it? Not yet. She answered and got an electric scissors, Its somewhat lopsided in the back, yet Im goanna fix it. She named my head down with power and began to shave around my ear towards my scruff. I had an awful inclination this would have been a fiasco however out of regard I didnt state anything. Furthermore, my idea was affirmed when I saw my appearance in the mirror: I didnt recognize what Audrey Hepburn pixie crop resembles yet I seemed as though a kid wearing a coconut protective cap. My blasts were in excess of an inch over my eyebrows! I came to up to feel the rear of my head and I trembled at the vibe of short prickly hair. l resemble a kid! I cannot go to class this way! I separated into tears. Bullwhip, Just wear a dress tomorrow, mothers face turned somewhat red and chastened at me, Stop being ludicrous. I went to class the following day in a white dabs red summer dress that my mother made me wear. On my approach to class, each progression I took I felt incredibly self oblivious. I held my head down as I strolled into the study hall and trusted nobody was looking. However, the idiotic dress put me under the spot light and promptly the entirety of my cohorts broke out giggling. I caught some person from my group said why a kid is wearing a young ladies dress. I was so humiliated and I needed to vanish. I truly trusted I didnt wear that dress. The hair style was terrible enough and dress exacerbated it! I dont recall how could I traverse the day, yet all I recollect was I didnt wear any dresses for quite a while after that and I never let my mother trim my hair again.

Investment Report on Qantas Airlines

Speculation Report on Qantas Airlines Presentation Qantas fundamental global center points are at Sydney and Melbourne air terminal, just as works a noteworthy number of worldwide flights. Qantas possesses Jetstar Airways and when it became privatized in 1993, got one of the most gainful aircrafts on the planet. Qantas has an aggregate of 299 airplanes and 29,350 workers starting at 2015, and its nearest rival is Singapore Airlines (SIA). Qantas objective is to be the universes best aircraft, giving travel encounters and putting security first consistently. Since 2006, Qantas has spared over 2.5 million tons of carbon outflow through its Qantas Future Planet Program. This is Qantass program for their manageability, natural and social activities. In 2008, Qantas requested 20 A380s, and utilizing Required Navigation Performance and air traffic the executives, assisted with sparing a large number of kilograms of carbon outflow. In 2012, Qantas won an honor for setting the standard for huge associations and has won another 3 honors till date. Monetary/Economic Performance Table 1.0 General Information on Qantas Monetary Information and Analysis of Qantas This part of the report intends to give pertinent money related data, examination and the benefit of Qantas. This report additionally analyzes among Qantas and SIA to give a more inside and out assessment on the productivity of Qantas. Benefit Analysis of Qantas As found in Table 1.0, Qantas had a negative profit for resources (ROA), return on value (ROE), just as net revenue. As indicated by Max Mason (2014), the legal misfortune doesn't speak to a money misfortune to the organization, rather it is a paper misfortune in the estimation of its advantages. Be that as it may, in 2015, Qantas made a rebound and made an expansion of 26%. In addition, Qantas made a 83% expansion consequently on value (ROE) and their net revenue expanded by 31%. This shows Qantass negative proportions were most presumably brought about by absence of clients needing to travel. ROA measures the arrival earned by the board through activities just as mirrors the consequence of the entitys capacity to change over deals income into benefit. ROE gauges the pace of profit for the capital contributed by investors. A continued high ROE pulls in new contenders to the business and in the end disintegrates abundance ROE. Net revenue is a proportion of benefit. It is utilized to ascertain the net benefit as a level of the income. Liquidity Analysis Table 1.1 Liquidity Analysis of Qantas While figuring current proportion, it is ideal if the proportion is at least 1 than 1. A great many people respect a present proportion that is under 1, as an organization that is confronting bankruptcy. While Qantas for this situation has a proportion of under 1, it is as yet ameliorating to realize that their advantages despite everything contain enough money and receivables, and one of the non-current liabilities contains income got ahead of time. In spite of the fact that it is unmerited, when the sum got is earned, it will be credited likewise. 2.3 Profitability Ratios Between Qantas and SIA Table 1.3 Profitability Ratios among Qantas and SIA Table 1.4 Qantas and SIA Financial Statement 2015 2.3.1 ROA Comparison Between Qantas and SIA Profit Before Interest and Tax (EBIT) shows the income created by the organization, overlooking assessment and obligation. A high EBIT would imply that the organization is either winning a high income or have low costs. As found in Table 1.4, in spite of the fact that the income earned is about the equivalent, SIAs use is higher, in this way bringing about a lower EBIT. Including to that, SIAs resource is higher than Qantas, in this manner bringing about a lower ROA. The ROA shows that Qantas can change over deals income into benefit superior to SIA just as better at creating pay from its advantage ventures. Additionally, this converts into proficiency in utilizing its assets in order to create a decent return for financial specialists. 2.3.2 ROE Comparison Between Qantas and SIA As observed from Table 1.4, Qantas NPAT is higher than SIA, which converts into Qantas being better at gaining an arrival on the value gave to them. That can be seen from the measure of value the two organizations have. For SIA, this is the thing that we call a capital supported organization. A capital supported organization depends on speculation from investors to work and for SIA, it is indicated that they are not utilizing their ventures to empower a decent come back to their speculators. 2.3.3 Profit Margin Comparison Between Qantas and SIA Overall revenue is a proportion used to ascertain a companys monetary execution. Ordinarily, a low overall revenue would show lower deals than different organizations in the business. As observed from Table 1.3 and 1.4, Qantas has nearly a similar income, yet a higher net revenue than SIA, which could show that they are cost cognizant, in this way have less consumption. Social Performance of Qantas Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), is a type of self-guideline that organizations take part in, to give some social great, past the interests of the firm, controllers and ecological security gatherings. By attempted CSR, organizations can contact customers trust through positive advertising and urge the organization to have an effect on nature and partners. Qantas accomplices with associations, for example, Make-A-Wish, e-motion21, Mardi Gras and UNICEF to advance a positive change. 3.1 Make-A-Wish Australia Qantas is the official carrier of Make-A-Wish Australia, an association that awards wishes to kids with perilous sicknesses. Since 1985, more than 8000 wishes had been conceded and since 2008, the Qantas Foundation has given over $5.7 million for admirable missions in Australia. Qantas additionally satisfied the desire of a kid, with stage 4 Wilms tumor, who needed to be a pilot by carrying him to a plane test system just as indicated him around the activities of a plane. 3.2 E.motion21 E.motion21 is a non-benefit association that means to improve the lives of individuals with down disorder through move, wellness and execution. As a corporate accomplice, Qantas bolstered the association by sending 18 artists and their families to South Africa for the World Down Syndrome Congress and even gave Lauren Potter an unexpected serenade when she contacted down in Australia. 3.3 Mardi Gras Otherwise called the Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras in Australia, its a procession to observe Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) pride. As a significant accomplice of the procession, Qantas commends the soul of decent variety by having their own Gay 380 buoy. Qantas is additionally a Gay-Friendly aircraft, with direct trips to Australia and New Zealand, nations with a flourishing LGBT people group. 3.4 UNICEF Giving philanthropic help to kids and moms in creating nations, UNICEF is a non-benefit association that depends on government and private financing. UNICEF cooperated with Qantas to make the Change for Good program, where Qantas travelers undesirable extra change were gathered and given to UNICEF to give course books to instruction or shielding kids from maladies. This idea has helped raise in any event $28 million in the course of recent years. Ecological Performance of Qantas Qantas steps up to the plate in ensuring the earth on both land and air, and has organizations that advance manageability and protection. The most significant activity would be noticeable all around, where planes are habitually discharging outflows that gradually hurts the ozone layer. Since 2007, Qantas has been diminishing destructive outflows, making them one of the business heads in natural security. Starting at 2014, Qantas figured out how to decrease power utilization by 9%, water utilization by 11% and landfill by 20%. To arrive at their 2020 objective, Qantas has been utilizing Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF), putting resources into eco-friendliness, flying carbon impartial, and reusing. On the ground, Qantas secures the earth in a roundabout way by utilizing gaseous petrol for their central station just as a decrease in utilities utilized. 4.1 In the Air 4.1.1 Sustainable Aviation Fuel SAF is presently in its subsequent age and at present, 2% of worldwide outflows originate from avionics and is required to ascend to 3% by 2050. Albeit sun based, electric and hydrogen airplanes are being looked into on now, it is still progressively attainable to utilize SAF because of flights requirement for high capacity to-weight proportion. In 2012, Qantas was the primary Australian aircraft to utilize SAF to work a business flight and have joined forces with Shell Australia and the legislature to investigate the creation of SAF in Australia. In an examination led with industry accomplices, discoveries have demonstrated that SAF can bring about the formation of 12,000 clean vitality employments, a 17% decrease in outflows and a $2 billion decrease in the dependence of oil imports. 4.1.2 Fuel Efficiency Program As of late, Qantas has eliminated old planes and bought more up to date ones that are outfitted with the most recent innovation and motors. A portion of the planes incorporate the Airbus A380, Boeing 787 Dreamliner and Airbus A320 neo. Different techniques for eco-friendliness would incorporate weight decrease by putting resources into lighter hardware or modifying the measure of versatile water the plane conveys dependent on traveler needs and division length. 4.1.3 Flying Carbon Neutral Since the dispatch of the Fly Carbon Neutral program in 2007, Qantas has figured out how to balance over 1.8 million tons of carbon. Carbon counterbalancing in business terms, is the buying of carbon credits to empower organizations to make up for their carbon outflows. For Qantas, in addition to the fact that they offset their workers carbon impression, yet each time a client flies on Qantas, they can decide to counterbalance a lot of carbon discharges. At the end of the day, you contribute an entirety of cash equal to your carbon impression and Qantas will utilize that commitment to finance carbon balance extends that gives veritable, enduring natural and social advantages. Qantas doesn't procure from the commitment and Fly Carbon Neutral is the biggest aircraft counterbalanced expert

Dubuque

Dubuque Dubuque d?byo?ok ´ [key], city (1990 pop. 57,546), seat of Dubuque co., NE Iowa, on the Mississippi River; chartered 1841. It is a trade, industrial, cultural, and rail center and a river port for an agricultural and dairying area. It makes foods, beer, metal products, chemicals, and machinery; high-technology industries are growing. The National Mississippi River Museum and Aquarium anchors a redeveloped waterfront. One of the oldest cities in the state, it was named for Julien Dubuque, who had settled nearby c.1788. Native title to the territory ended with the Black Hawk Treaty of 1832, and white settlers began to pour in. Iowa's first newspaper, the Du Buque Visitor, was established in 1836. Dubuque developed first as a mining town, then as a lumbering and milling center. It is the seat of the Univ. of Dubuque, Clarke College, and Loras College. St. Raphael's Cathedral (1857) and the Ham House Museum are in the city; nearby are Crystal Lake Cave, the U.S. locks and dam on the M ississippi, and the New Mellera (Trappist) Abbey. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. Political Geography

Health Information Exchange Essay example - 1687 Words

TaNesha Hoskins August 14, 2012 Course Project Health Information Exchange Table of Contents Introduction History of HIE †¢ What is HIE? †¢ What is Illinois HIE program? The Challenge †¢ Why do we need HIE? Benefits of HIE †¢ How does HIE work? †¢ Who set the standards for national health information program? †¢ What are the benefits to the patients, providers, insurance carriers, etc? Privacy and Security †¢ How is patient data secured when exchanged through HIE? Conclusion References Introduction A Health Information Exchange, or HIE, is technology that enables the electronic movement of health-related information among health care providers and others. HIEs are an†¦show more content†¦Using ILHIE Direct is simple, intuitive and very much like sending an e-mail. Best of all, ILHIE Direct is offered at no cost at least through 2012. The Challenge of Health Information Exchange HIE face a range of challenges as they try to get hundreds and even thousands of participants in sharing data. Getting data in front of doctors and other clinicians is one of the biggest challenges HIEs face. Ideally, it would be delivered directly to a providers EMR system, so when a patient goes to an outside lab for blood tests, the results would show up in the electronic record at the doctors office, and the doctor would be notified that the results are there. However, with limited EMR use across the country, HIEs have had to provide alternative delivery methods. HIE is considered to be one of the key components of the national health IT infrastructure being established by the HITECH Act. Policymakers and health care providers believe this health IT infrastructure will produce a number of benefits, many of which are directly related to HIE. Benefits of HIE Physicians can help to ease the transition to a patient electronic health record by engaging the patients in open dialogue that will educate the patient on the benefits of an electronic record and address their concerns. Physicians can let patients know that their electronic record will enable them toShow MoreRelatedLow Users Adoption Of Health Information Exchange1769 Words   |  8 Pageswas to explore the reasons behind low user adoption of Health Information Exchange. These reasons include technology, financial, and resource limitations which can be driven by the size of the organizations and their regional location. Also coming into play as a strong barrier can be the unwanted but necessary partnerships that many clinical institutions must enter into to provide the most well-rounded and full picture of data to exchange. The theories to fixing these user adoption issues thatRead MoreHealth Information Exchange Essay1838 Words   |  8 PagesHEALTH INFORMATION EXCHANGE Heather S HIT 141-10129 Professor Patricia Brennan October 12, 2014 Table of Contents Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦page 3 What is Health Information Exchange †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.page 3 The History behind Health Information Exchange †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.page 4 Benefits having an Health Information Exchange System†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦page 5 The different challenges surrounding having an HIE †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..page 6-7 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦page 7-8 Work Cited/Reference Page†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreHealth Information Exchange802 Words   |  4 PagesHealth Information Exchange is leading the way to better Medical Care Medicine has come a long way in the past few decades. Today’s doctors and nurses have some amazing tools at their disposals. The latest high tech equipment, modern pharmaceuticals and procedures but in many cases the most important tool that is needed is information. Patient information to be more precise is what is needed. Correct and up to the minute information about a patients history is a vital part of treatment. AndRead MoreHealth Information Exchange2183 Words   |  9 PagesTable of Contents INTRODUCTION 3 HEALTH INFORMATION EXCHANGE (HIE) 3 WHAT IS HIE? 3 HISTORY OF HIE 4 COMMUNITY HEALTH MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS 4 COMMUNITY HEALTH INFORMATION NETWORKS 4 IOM REPORTS 5 REGIONAL HEALTH INFORMATION ORGANIZATIONS 5 HIE TODAY 6 BENEFITS OF HIE 7 CURRENT CHALLENGES 7 ESTABLISHING A BASE OF SUPPORT 7 INTERCONNECTING TECHNOLOGY 8 ESTABLISHING FINANCIAL LIABILITY AMID UNCERTAINTY 8 HIM ROLE IN HIE 9 CONCLUSION 9 REFERENCES 10 Introduction Read MoreThe Health Information Exchange3259 Words   |  14 Pageswebsite to malfunction are controlled and driven out, the new â€Å"Obamacare† will become a high cost and frustration for consumers to use. To date consumers in St Louis and the Metro East along with the rest of America, have not been thrilled with the Health Insurance Marketplace website at healthcare.gov, which is the initial step towards the new Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA). The site has been choked with enrollees trying to meet the December 15, 2013 deadline, which is necessaryRead MoreHealth Information Exchange ( Hie )1330 Words   |  6 PagesHealth information exchange (HIE) is the process of transporting medical-related information electronically between healthcare providers. Health information exchange was formed by the Hartford Foundation in 1990, with the establishment of Community Health Management Information Systems (CHMIS). Today, there are many models and f orms that support health information exchange. Healthcare providers and organizations may have challenges with this new way of exchanging patient information, however, thereRead Morehealth information exchange Essay836 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Health Information Exchange The Health information exchange or also known as HIE is the sending of healthcare-related data electronically to facilities, health information organizations and government agencies according to national standards. The goal is to be able to access and retrieve data more efficient, safer, and to improve the quality of care and patient safety and reduce healthcare costs. The Health Information Exchange has existed for over two decades. In the 1990s there wereRead MoreThe Health Information Exchange And Hie983 Words   |  4 Pagesurity†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Page 4â€Æ' Introduction When it comes to healthcare there are a lot of things that have evolved. One in particular is that of the patients’ health care records and how they are written as well as being stored. In this paper I will be discussing the evolution of this process via the Health Information Exchange or HIE. This will involve the history of the system, problems that are involved in this evolution, as well as the security issues that will need to be addressed when movingRead MoreHealth Information Exchange ( Hie )1624 Words   |  7 PagesHealth Information Exchange (HIE) is an electronic way for health care providers, patients, and payers to access and securely share medical information. There are data breaches everyday so patient and providers are concerned about the privacy and security of the HIE. Patients fear that sensitive health information related to dire diseases will be disclosed and used against them in decisions related to health insurance coverage or employment according to Me rtz (2009, p.1). Providers are concernedRead MoreHealth Information Exchange Essay1724 Words   |  7 Pageschallenges and where we are now with Health Information Exchange. What is a HIE? A health information exchange (HIE) is a safe computer network that links the electronic health information systems of different health care providers, permitting those providers to share clinical and demographic data of patients they have in common. HIE provides the ability to electronically move health care information between various systems while maintaining the meaning of the information being exchanged. In other words

Revenge A Theme in Beowulf Essay - 638 Words

Have you ever wanted to avenge a wrong doing done unto you? Well, the characters in Beowulf will stop at nothing to achieve vengeance. Revenge is so immensely practiced that it is a common act to pay of a deed done by an offender. However, a payment or truce does not satisfy the desire for revenge in the Poem. Every time a Character precedes to make peace, it eventually falls apart by a desire to avenge loved ones. This desire is usually upheld until someone is no longer left to be avenged or no one is left to avenge those whom they loved. This, although it may not seem so, happens commonly in this epic. The Danes seem to have disputes with everyone, some ending with them basking in glory and others ending, well, with not so much†¦show more content†¦Both are examples of how alliance did not satisfy the lust for vengeance. Beowulf states (line 1380) â€Å"It is always better to avenge dear ones than indulge in mourning.† I find this interesting because he is saying this to the Danish leader, and the Danes always try to avenge dear ones, but are great at procrastinating others who want vengeance unto them. Beowulf’s statement is also interesting because his own father killed someone and, like they always do, the Danes payed his Wergild. I can see why Beowulf says this though. He is involved in every cycle of revenge, which is important, in the book: Grendel and the hall, The Swedes and the Geats, and the shortest cycle, the dragon. In the cycle with Grendel, Beowulf killed him and his mother so no one was left to avenge him. With the Dragon, no one was left for the Geats to avenge. With the Swedes, after Beowulf’s death their is no one left to fight back against the Swedes’ acts of vengeance. The battle between the Geats and the Swedes is probably one of the most notable out of the three, for the topic of revenge. Hrethel passes leading the the Swedes campaigning against the Geats. Then in a battle Hygelac’s brother is killed. After Ongentheow is killed by thanes of Hygelac. Hygelac is killed in a fight against theShow MoreRelatedRevenge Essay : The Theme Of Revenge In Beowulf1202 Words   |  5 Pagesthey all have their own survival skills also have their own revenge plan .Beowulf fight for his people in the country;Grendel’s mother revenge for her son; Wiglaf fight for his King and loyalty; They all did really good revenge for their own people, for their family and for their loyalty.In the epic poem Beowulf, the idea of vengeance is exemplified through the actions of Beowulf, Grendel’s mother and Wiglaf. The first character did revenge is Beowulf.Beowulf begins with the story of Hrothgar andRead MoreDifferent Ideas Extracted from the Story, Beowulf647 Words   |  3 PagesIn the story Beowulf, many different ideas can be extracted. It envelopes lineage which was crucial in the Anglo-Saxon period. It also envelopes kennings, litotes, and alliteration which was crucial to the formatting of the story. Most importantly it involves various themes. These themes include loyalty, generosity, reputation, and revenge. Themes are a vital part of a story and Beowulf in particular involves many. Loyalty is an extremely important trait one could have. It involves trust, courageRead MoreViolence and Societal Change in Beowulf Essay1305 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"development of the Canadian forest industry...† Violence (conflict) is necessary to producing social change and an improved society. The theme of violence in Beowulf is portrayed by the character Beowulf’s presence, usefulness and hero status in the poem with the understanding that violence is a necessary function of society. Violence also extends itself to the theme of revenge which is perpetuated by violence and represented by three monsters; Grendel, Grendel’s mother, and the dragon. It is through theseRead MoreTheme Of Heroism In Beowulf1139 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Beowulf† is the oldest surviving poem in Old English Literature. It is an epic poem, which is a narrative poem typically revolving around heroism. The poem emphasizes repetitively on how Beowulf is a hero. He saves coun tless people from countless monsters, three of which are the main antagonists in the poem – a demon, the demon’s mother, and a dragon. But is saving innocent lives the only factor to justify and determine a person’s heroism? Throughout the story of Beowulf, the author makes appealsRead MoreEssay on Revenge of Beowulf1181 Words   |  5 PagesRevenge of Beowulf Beowulf is an epic poem that, above all, gives the reader an idea of a time long past; a time when the most important values were courage and integrity. The only factors that could bestow shower fame upon a person were heroic deeds and family lineage. Beowulf, as the paradigm of pagan heroes, exhibited his desire to amass fame and fortune; the only way to do so was to avenge the death of others. This theme of retribution that is ever present throughout the poem seems toRead MoreRetribution in Beowulf1124 Words   |  5 Pagesfame to somebody was heroic deeds and family lineage. Beowulf, as the example of pagan heroes, exhibited his desire to accumulate fame and fortune; the only way to do so was to avenge the death of others. This theme of retribution that is present throughout the whole poem seems to enrich the identities of its characters. In _Beowulf_, revenge is represented with both an honest and rhetorical motives. Payback of monsters offenses is Beowulf s path to the top: worldwide fame, infinite wealthRead MoreEssay about Pagan Aspects in Beowulf1573 Words   |  7 Pages Scholars have argued about the religious stance of the epic poem Beowulf for centuries. Although the man who put the poem down on paper, known as the Beowulf poet, was a devout Christian, the actual poem itself is pagan. There are many clues in the epic that lead us to this conclusion such as the numerous references to pagan symbols, namely the symbol of fate. Also, the central idea of revenge in the poem opposes the ideas of Christianity. The poem also contains many breaches of the TenRead MorePaganism In Beowulf953 Words   |  4 PagesPaganism in Beowulf Beowulf was composed when England was transitioning from a pagan to a Christian culture. In chapter 3 of A Little History of Literature, it is said that Beowulf was likely written by a Christian monk who inserted Christian themes into the story. This is why Beowulf reflects both Christian and pagan views. These two religions and their elements affect the story in different ways. There are pagan views of fate and fame in Beowulf, but there are also Christian themes of humilityRead MoreBeowulf and the Tempest-Revenge966 Words   |  4 PagesRevenge Many comparisons can be seen between Shakespeare’s novel The Tempest and the epic Beowulf. One of the strongest similarities is the idea of revenge. Shakespeare’s novel occurs basically in order for Prospero to have revenge on his enemies from usurping his dukedom. Beowulf’s original monster, Grendel, starts acting out less due to revenge and more out of pure frustration. His death though, causes his mother to act on revenge, killing one of Hrothgar’s trusted advisor, Aeschere, causingRead MoreThe Creation Of A Monster By Mary Shelley1697 Words   |  7 Pageswarrior named Beowulf firm the land of the Geats under the ruling of King Hygelac hears about King Hrothgar’s dilemma and he leaves his people to help King Hrothgar even though his people were sad that he was leaving. He promises to slay the monster and he does as well as he slay the monster’s mother. Beowulf ends up becoming King of the Geats. His heroism is not over because a thie f awakens a dragon in a lair trying when he was trying to steal treasure. The dragon attacks the Geats and Beowulf defeats

Understanding the Financial Statements Free Essays

Submitted By:Salina Thapa Rana Magar (12077697)Sona Limbu (12078108)FINC20018 Managerial FinanceProfessor: Angelique McInnesCentral Queensland UniversityBrisbane Campus Term 1 201821st April 2018Table of ContentsQuestion No. 1: Understanding the Financial Statements (Chapter 3) Answer:Part 1:Financial Statement shows the total financial functioning of the firm. Any business entities can easily assume the financial status of the company by using the financial statement of the company. We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding the Financial Statements or any similar topic only for you Order Now At the end of specific period, each business prepares Profit and Loss Account (Income Statement), Statement of Financial Position (Balance Sheet), Statement of Cash Flows (Cash flow statement) and Statement of Changes in Equity. Cash flow statement is one of the major financial statement which records all the amount that a business is receiving from its business transactions as well as the amount that it disburses. The cash flow statement is prepared to find out how business is generating cash and how effectively they are utilizing their cash resources in productive sector. Cash flow statement if managed properly would help the firm to skip cash crisis in the business. As a result, business can assure the availability of cash to cover the due expenses. Cash flow statement depicts the position of economic status of the companyThe main objective of preparing cash flow is:To find out the sources and areas of cash incoming and cash outgoing respectively.To allocate the situation on which business might be in the position of cash insufficiency or cash surplus.Cash flow statement is prepared to predict future cash inflows or outflows. To deliver information regarding the capability of firm to pay its liabilities or taxes.To evaluate whether the firm is on the right track or not by measuring the overall financial records of the company at specific time.To deliver information for making capital budgeting decisions. To evaluate the overall performance of the firm by making comparison between their actual performance and future predictions of cash flow. Part 2Cash flow statement shows the mobility cash in three different areas of business activities: Operating activitiesFinancing activitiesInvesting activitiesCash flow statement provides the answer to the following questions:What are the primary sources of cash incoming?What are the basic operating activities of a firm to generate cash? How does the firm manage their extra funds if the business faces shortages?What are the main investment areas of business?What is the reason behind increase or decrease in cash flow?Part 3a) Calculation of Quality of Earnings RatioThe quality of earnings ratio for two firms i.e. Woodside Petroleum Ltd and Origin Energy for the latest three years is calculated as follows:Woodside Petroleum Ltd (WPL.AX)2017 2016 2015Quality of Earning Ratio = Cash flow from operationsNet Profit = 2,400,0001,024,000 = 2.3438 = 2,587,000868,000= 2.9804 = 2,475,00026,000 = 95. 1923Origin Energy (ORG.AX)2017 2016 2015Quality of Earning Ratio = Cash flow from operationsNet Profit = 1,289,000-2,226,000 = – 0.5791 = 1,404,000-628,000= – 2.2357 = 1,833,000-658,000 = -2.7857b)c) Capital Acquisition RatioThe capital acquisition ratio for both firms i.e. Woodside Petroleum Ltd and Origin Energy for the latest three years is calculated in the following tables:Woodside Petroleum Ltd (WPL.AX)2017 2016 2015 Cash Acquisition Ratio= Cash flow from operationsCash paid forcapital expenditure= 2,400,0001,390,000 = 1.7266 = 2,587,0001,860,000= 1.3909 = 2,475,0001,819,000 = 1.3606Origin Energy (ORG.AX)2017 2016 2015Cash AcquisitionRatio= Cash flow from operationsCash paid forcapital expenditure = 1,289,000-419,000 = – 3.0764 = 1,404,000-572,000= – 2.4545 = 1,833,000-1,484,000 = -1.2352 d)After comparing Woodside Petroleum Ltd and Origin Energy’s ability to utilize the operating cash flow to finance their capital expenditure, we came to the conclusion that †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Question No. 2: The Income Statement (Chapter 3)Answer: a.CQU Oil LimitedIncome StatementFor the year ended†¦.Sales $ 2,500,000Cost of Goods Sold (700,000)Gross Profit 1,800,000Operating Expenses Cash Operating Expenses 150,000 Depreciation Expenses 150,000 Total Operating Expenses (300,000)Operating Profit 1,500,000Interest Expenses (200,000)Profit Before Tax 1300,000Tax (390,000)Net Profit 910,000b. From the above income statement, we can see that CQU Oil’s taxable Income and Tax Payable for the year are $ 1300,000 and $ 390,000 respectively. d.Question No. 3: Financial Analysis (Chapter 4)Calculation of Financial RatiosThe financial ratios for both firms i.e. West farmers Ltd and Woolworths Ltd for the most recent year i.e. 2017 are calculated as follows:West farmers Ltd (WES) Woolworths Ltd (WOW)1. Liquidity RatioCurrent Ratio = Current AssetsCurrent Liabilities = 9667 / 10417 = 0.928002303 = 0.9280 times Current Ratio = Current AssetsCurrent Liabilities. = 6994.2 / 15921.6 = 0.43929 = 0.4393 timesQuick Ratio= Current Assets –InventoryCurrent Liabilities = (9667 -6530) / 10417 = 3137 / 10417 = 0.3012 times Quick Ratio= Current Assets –InventoryCurrent Liabilities = (6994.2 – 4080.4) / 15921.6 = 2913.80 / 15921.6 = 0.1830 timesInventory Ratio=Cost of Goods SoldInventoryInventory Ratio=Cost of Goods SoldInventory = 39739.7 / 4080.4 = 9.7392 times2. Capital Structure RatioDebt Ratio = Total LiabilitiesTotal Assets = 16174 / 40115 = 0.4032 = 40.32% Debt Ratio = Total LiabilitiesTotal Assets= 13039.7 / 22915.8 = 0.5690= 56.90%Interest Coverage Ratio =EBITInterest Expense = 4402 / 213 = 20.6667 Interest Coverage Ratio =EBITInterest Expense3. Asset Management Efficiency RatioTotal Asset Turnover =SalesTotal Assets = 68444 / 40115 = 1.7062 times Total Asset Turnover =SalesTotal Assets= 55475 / 22915.8 = 2.4208 timesFixed AssetTurnover=SalesNet Property, plan Equipment = 68444 / 9440 = 7.2504 times Fixed AssetTurnover=SalesNet Property, plan Equipment = 55475 / 8437.5 = 6.5748 times4. Probability RatioGross Profit Margin= Gross ProfitSales= Gross Profit Margin= Gross ProfitSales = 15928.9 / 55475 = 0.2871 = 28.71%Operating Profit Margin =EBITSales = 4402 / 68444 = 0.0643 = 6.4315% Operating Profit Margin =EBITSales = 2326 / 55475 = 0.0419 = 4.19 %Net Profit Margin=Net ProfitSales = 2873 / 68444 = 0.04197 = 4.1976% Net Profit Margin=Net ProfitSales = 1482 / 55475 = 0.0267 = 2.67%Return on Assets=Operating Profit or EBITTotal Assets = 4402 / 40115 = 0.1097 = 10.97% Return on Assets=Operating Profit or EBITTotal Assets = 2326 / 22915. 8 = 0.1015 = 10.15%Evaluation of Relative Performance of Two Firms in terms of:Liquidity West farmers Ltd (WES) Woolworths Ltd (WOW)Current Ratio 0.9280 times 0.4393 timesQuick Ratio 0.3012 times 0.1830 timesInventory Ratio 9.7392 timesLiquidity Ratio shows the financial status of the company. From the above calculation, we can interpret that West Farmers Limited is more liquid than Woolworths based on its Current Ratio and Quick Ratio. West Farmers had $0.9280 current assets and $0.3012 cash and accounts receivable for every $1 of current liabilities. Whereas Woolworths had $0.1830 current assets and $0.1830 cash and account receivable to pay $1 current liabilities.ii) Asset Management EfficiencyWest farmers Ltd (WES) Woolworths Ltd (WOW)Total Asset Turnover 1.7062 times 2.4208 timesFixed Asset Turnover 7.2504 times 6.5748 timesiii) Financing Practices (Capital Structure)West farmers Ltd (WES) Woolworths Ltd (WOW)Debt Ratio 40.32% 56.90%Interest Coverage Ratio 20.6667 iv) ProfitabilityWest farmers Ltd (WES) Woolworths Ltd (WOW)Gross Profit Margin 28.71%Operating Profit Margin 6.4315% 4.19%Net Profit Margin 4.1976% 2.67%Return on Assets 10.97% 10.15%†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Calculation of Current Price-Earnings Ratio and Market-to-book Ratio:West farmers Ltd (WES) Woolworths Ltd (WOW)Market Value RatiosPrice Earnings Ratio = Market Price Per ShareEarnings Per SharePrice Earnings Ratio = Market Price Per ShareEarnings Per ShareMarket to Book Ratio =Market Price Per ShareBook Value Per ShareMarket to Book Ratio =Market Price Per ShareBook Value Per ShareQuestion no. 4: Time Value of Money (Chapter 5)Solution:Present Value (PV) =$20,000 Time (n) = 40 yearsInterest Rate (i) = 10 % per annum = 0.10 Future Value (FV)=?Timeline i=10% p.a FV=? 0 1 2 3†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ n= 40 years PV=$20,000FV= PV (1+i)n = 20,000(1+0.10)40 = 20,000Ãâ€"45.25925557 = $ 905,185.1114From the above calculation, Emily’s investment from her retirement plan will grow to $905,185.1114 after 40 years at 12% annual interest. b)Timeline i=6% p.a FV=$14,000 0 1 2 n= 3 years PMT=?Deposit on Car (PV)= $14,000No of years (n) = 3 years Annual Interest (i)= 6% =0.06Annuity Payment (PMT)=?We have,FV = PMT (1+i)n-1i14000 = PMT 1+0.06)3-10.06 PMT = 140003.1836PMT = $ 4397.5374To cover the cost of deposit on a new car, Emily needs to keep aside $4397.5374 from her bonus this year. Now, If Annual Interest on Saving (i)=10%=0.10PMT=?FVn = PMT (1+i)n-1i14000 = PMT1+0.10)3-10.10PMT = 140003.31PMT = $4229.6073If the annual rate of interest grows to 10%, then the amount of payment will decrease to $4229.6073.c)At the age 60 years, value of Trust Fund (FV)=?Time (n) = 60-30=30 yearsInterest rate =7%= 0.07Timeline i=7% p.a FV=? 0 1 2 3†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ n= 30 years PV=$50,000 FV = PV ((1+i)n = 50,000 (1+0.07)30 = 50,000 Ãâ€"7.612255043 = $ 380,612.7521When Emily turn 60 years, the value of her trust fund will grow to $380,612.7521 at the rateOf 7% government bond. d)Compounding and discounting have inverse relationship. Compounding method is the way of calculating the future value of money with the given current value of investment at certain compound rate. Whereas Discounting method is used to find out the Present Value of future cash flow using discounting rate. Mathematically,In Compounding Method,Future valuein year nFVn= Present Value(PV) Ãâ€"1+ Annual interest rate (i)number of years nIn Discounting Method,Present ValuePV = Future Value in year nFVn 11+ Annual Interest Rate (i)Number of years (n)e)Question no 5: Risk and Return (Chapter 7)a.Given:Share A Share BProbability Return Probability Return0.3 11% 0.2 -5%0.4 15% 0.3 6%0.3 19% 0.3 14%0.2 22% For Share AExpected rateof returnE(r)=rate of return 1 r1Ãâ€"probabilityof return 1Pr(r1)+rate of return 2 r2Ãâ€"probabilityof return 2Pr(r2) +rate of return 3r3Ãâ€"probabilityof return 3Prr3)= 0.3 Ãâ€" 0.11 + 0.4 Ãâ€" 0.15 + 0.3 Ãâ€"0.19= 0.033 + 0.06 + 0.057= 0.15= 15%Variance in rate of return?2 = rate of return 1 r1-expected rate of returnEr2Ãâ€"probabilityof return 1Pr(r1) + rate of return 1 r1-expected rate of returnEr2Ãâ€"probabilityof return 1Pr(r1) + rate of return 3r3-expected rate of returnE(r)2Ãâ€"probabilityof return 3Pr(r3) = [(0.11 – 0.15)2 Ãâ€" 0.3] + [(0.15 – 0.15)2 Ãâ€" 0.4] + [(0.19 – 0.15)2 Ãâ€" 0.3] = 0.00048 + 0 + 0.00048 = 0.00096 Standard Deviation = Variance =0.00096 = 0.030983867 = 3.0984%For Share BExpected rateof returnE(r)=rate of return 1 r1Ãâ€"probabilityof return 1Pr(r1)+rate of return 2 r2Ãâ€"probabilityof return 2Pr(r2) +rate of return 3r3Ãâ€"probabilityof return 3Prr3)+rate of return 4r4Ãâ€"probabilityof return 4Pr(r4)= 0.2 Ãâ€" (-0.05) + 0.3 Ãâ€" 0.06 + 0.3 Ãâ€"0.14 + 0.2 Ãâ€" 0.22= (-0.01) + 0.018 + 0.042 + 0.044= 0.094= 9.4% Now, Variance in rate of return?2 = rate of return 1 r1-expected rate of returnEr2Ãâ€"probabilityof return 1Pr(r1) + rate of return 1 r1-expected rate of returnEr2Ãâ€"probabilityof return 1Pr(r1) + rate of return 3r3-expected rate of returnE(r)2Ãâ€"probabilityof return 3Pr(r3) + rate of return 4r4-expected rate of returnE(r)2Ãâ€"probabilityof return 4Prr4) = [(-0.05 – 0.094)2 Ãâ€" 0.2] + [(0.06 – 0.094)2 Ãâ€" 0.3] + [(0.14 – 0.094)2 Ãâ€" 0.3] + [(0.22 – 0.094)2 Ãâ€" 0.3] = 0.0041472 + 0.0003468 + 0.0006348 + 0.0031752 = 0.008304Standard Deviation = Variance = 0.008304 = 0.091126286 = 9.1126% b)Shareholders or investors of the company always assume to gain certain profit from the investment they made on their business. Such expectation is referred to as Expected Rate of Return. Whereas Realized Rate of Return is the actual amount of profit or loss that that face from their investment in certain duration of time. c) d. Question No 6: Risk and Return (Chapter 8)Answer:Part 1Systematic Risk and Unsystematic RiskSystematic risk refers to those risks that are associated with the overall market or industry (Vasigh, Fleming ; Mackay, 2010) and cannot be diversified away while unsystematic risk refers to those risk that are associated with the single investment or small class of investment and can be diversified away (Swedroe ; Hempen, 2007). Investment beta is the measure of change in investments’ return to the change in return of the market portfolio. Johnson (2014) also stated that investment’s beta measures the volatility of share relative to volatility of market. Thus, investment’s beta helps to measure the systematic risk of an investment. Therefore, it is very useful in the investment decision. For example: if we want to know the systematic risk of particular investments, we can calculate beta and know the volatility and go for that investments with low volatility. In terms of unsystematic risk, it is calculated by deducting the beta scaled by the market volatility from the volatility of the single stock. Part 2Beta of a Portfolio and Betas of the Individual Investments in the PortfolioPart 3Security Market LineSecurity market line is the graphical representation of Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) i.e. the straight line relationship between expected return and betas that also explains the market price of risk in capital market (Khan, 2004). Return (%)Security Market Liners =rf+rm-rf?rfRisk Beta (?)Figure. Security Market Line. Adapted from â€Å"Investments: An Introduction† by H. B. Mayo, 2013, Boston: Cengage Learning. From the above graph, we can see that risk beta is at the x-axis and expected return on the y-axis. The slope of the security market line is represented by market risk premium which is the difference between expected rate of return on the market portfolio and the risk free rate (i.e.Erm-rf) while the y-intercept of this line represents the risk free interest rate i.e. rf . Part 4Capital Asset Pricing ModelCapital asset pricing model (CAPM) refers to the model that explains the relationship with expected return and the systematic risk of an investment. In a simple word, CAPM is that model which estimates the expected return for any risky assets. According to Mellen (2018), this model helps the business analyst and investor evaluate a suitable rate of return for an investment by giving the general economic, industry and firm’s conditions. CAPM helps to inform the investment decision by first of all measuring the fairest price for an investment on the basis of risk, potential return and other factors and then comparing this fair price with the market price.Therefore, this is how the CAPM can be used to inform the investment decision. Reference Johnson, R. S. (2014). Equity Markets and Portfolio Analysis. New York: John Wiley ; Sons, Inc.Khan, M. Y., ; Jain, P. K. (2004). Financial Management: Text, Problems and Cases. New Delhi: Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Limited. Mayo, H. B. (2013). Investments: An Introduction. Boston: Cengage Learning.Mellen, C. M. (2018). Valuation for M ; A: Building and Measuring Private Company Value. New York: John Wiley ; Sons, Inc.Swedroe, L. E., ; Hempen, J. H. (2007). The only guide to a winning bond strategy you’ll ever need: The way smart money preserves wealth today. New York: St. Martin’s PressVasigh, B., Fleming, K., ; Mackay, L. (2010). Foundation of Airline Finance: Methodology and Practice. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. Reference How to cite Understanding the Financial Statements, Papers

Accounting Theory Impairment policies of Aurizon

Question: Compare and contrast the compliance of the company with the IASB framework and its accounting standards in:a) how plausible is the applied impairment,b) how verifiable is the value declared, andc) the extent to which intangibles are off balance sheet but mentioned elsewhere in the annual report. Answer: Introduction Present study is focused on comparison and contrast of accounting policies adopted by Aurizon in preparation of financial statement with the framework of IASB framework and related accounting standards. For this aspect impairment and valuation policies of companies is considered in the report in order to comment of viability of financial statements. Main Body Impairment Policies of Aurizon In accordance with the Annual report of Aurizon, assets of the company are subjected to impairment each financial year. The company consists large portfolio of non-current tangible assets thus there is a high possibility of a reduction in haulage volume or constant improvements to the productivity of asset possibly will require some assets to be impaired (Huffman, 2014). Financial statement of the company shows impairment of $528 million in current financial year i.e. 2016. In a previous financial year, this amount was $20M. Due to impairment, profit of the company is reduced drastically. Significant Items related to impairments are Investment in Associates ($226M), Rollingstock ($177M) and Strategic infrastructure projects ($125M) (Annual report of Aurizon, 2016). Notes to accounts of annual reports provide a clear indication that AASB 136 and IAS 36 complies in an appropriate manner however reference of this standard is not provided in the explanation. Verifiability of Value Declared Value declared by Aurizon in their financial statements can be verified by the stakeholders as the company had provided accounting policies associated with it in detail manner (Barker, 2015). Further, valuation methods and justification are cited through which reader of financial statement can easily understand the accounting approach of the company and can verify the valuation by considering provided information (Annual report of Aurizon, 2016). Further, the company had recorded assets at is fair value by considering provisions of prudence in order to show true and reliable information to stakeholders. Valuation of assets is done by independent experts in order to ensure reliability and accuracy of financial figures cited in the annual report of the company. Intangible Asset as off-Balance Sheet Item By considering position statement of Aurizon, it can be noticed that value of the intangible asset is $190M in 2016 and in the previous year, it was $127. The company had not recorded intangible asset as off-balance sheet item. The company had complied with the provisions of AASB 138 and IAS 38. They had recognised the intangible by considering the fact that it provides future economic benefit to the business entity (Annual report of Aurizon, 2016). Further, proper treatment for amortisation and impairment is made by considering Australian Accounting Standards. Further, expense related to research stage are recorded in the income statement (Van Mourik and Katsuo, 2014). Further detail description of their policies regarding intangible assets with computations is stipulated in notes to accounts. Conclusion In accordance with the present study, the conclusion can be drawn that financial statements of Aurizon are in accordance with the framework of IASB framework and related accounting standards. The company had provided appropriate disclosure of their accounting policies to provide a better understanding of financial statements to stakeholders. References Books and Journals Barker, R., 2015. Conservatism, prudence and the IASB's conceptual framework. Accounting and Business Research. 45(4)Pp.514-538. Huffman, A.A. 2014.Value relevant asset measurement and asset use: Evidence from International Accounting Standard. 41(Doctoral dissertation, The University of Utah). Van Mourik, C. and Katsuo, Y., 2014. The IASB and ASBJ conceptual frameworks: same objective, different financial performance concepts. Accounting Horizons. 29(1).Pp.199-216. Online Annual report of Aurizon. 2016. [Online]. Available through https://www.aurizon.com.au/~/media/aurizon/files/.../annual%20report%202016.ashx . [Accessed on 19th December 2016].

A view of the value of certain characters an Example of the Topic Government and Law Essays by

A view of the value of certain characters Written communication occupies a great part of peoples professional and personal lives. With the spread of the Internet, its importance has only increased. At the same time, writing often becomes more casual and neglects the rules that were previously cast in stone. This is also true of punctuation that is often regarded as a superfluous element of written documents. In my opinion, however, the correct use of punctuation is as important as grammar, good wording, and style. Need essay sample on "A view of the value of certain characters" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed To see why one needs punctuation, it makes sense to ask: What is the purpose of writing? In most cases, it is to convey some thoughts and information to the reader, accomplishing a certain purpose. Professor E. Wertheim of Northeastern University notes that "as the technical content of our exchanges rise, so does the need for precision". This precision is created by a sound combination of grammar, style, and lexicon, but it can also be promoted with the help of punctuation. Thus, the symbols ( and ) help single out a part of the text that is not directly embedded in the sentence, but is closely related to it. The ' and ' symbols help the author point out information that is different from the rest of words by attaching a special meaning to it. Finally, the quotation and exclamation marks help writers convey their emotions. Without these signs, the reader would be lost, and a lot of information that is succinctly and conveniently placed in this format would be missing. The value of the characters described above also lies in the economy of space they allow. But for the exclamation mark, the author would be forced to use additional comments to make the idea stronger or emphasize it. As it happens, however, this sign permits expression of emotion in a short, universally acceptable format. The same refers to brackets: without them, joining ideas to each other would require more effort as people would be forced to take time to explain why this and that word belong together. Punctuation saves time and effort. In a sense, it is a language within a language, comprehensible to all educated users of written language and conveying additional meanings. For these reasons, the use of punctuation is going to persist in modern English. It is unlikely that writers of fiction will give up such an excellent way of making their statements more appealing to the general audience and adding new overtones to their sentences. Punctuation and the meaning of specific symbols can undergo a change; however, this change will not detract from the value of symbols. One can expect that they will remain in use as a powerful way to make a strong statement even stronger. References Peck, F. (1996). Punctuation. Retrieved July 5, 2006, from http://www.arts.uottawa.ca/writcent/hypergrammar/punct.html Wertheim, E. (n.d.). Guide for Written Communication.

The Regulation and Reform of the American Banking System Essay Example

The Regulation and Reform of the American Banking System Essay Example The Regulation and Reform of the American Banking System Essay The Regulation and Reform of the American Banking System Essay Difference in Bank Regulation Between The United States And Dominican Republic Banking regulations viewed for a positive impact on the protection of depositors and to the institution as such, this important action that banking institutions are more supervision, and individual staff members are more likely to do their work carefully and honesty. Banking regulations existed since 1 869 in the Dominican Republic, since for DRY is very important that the find these methods by high uncertainty by the banking authorities in DRY. Asymmetric Information and Banking Regulation The fact that different parties in a financial contract do not have the same information leads to adverse selection and moral hazard problems that have an important impact on our financial system. The concepts of asymmetric information, adverse selection, and moral hazard are especially usefully useful in understanding why government has chosen the form of baking regulation the people see in the United States and in other countries. There are eight basic categories of baking regulation: the government safety net, restrictions on bank asset holding capital requirements, chartering and bank examination, assessment of risk management, disclosure requirements, consumer protection, and restrictions on competition (Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). Government Safety Net: Deposit Insurance and the FED Banks are particularly well suited to solving adverse selection and moral hazard problems because they make private loans that help avoid the free- rider problem. However, this solution to the free-rider problem creates another asymmetric information problem, because depositors lack information about the quality of these private loans. This asymmetric information problem leads to two reasons why the banking system might not unction well (Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). First, before the FIDE started operations in 1 934, a bank failure (in which a bank is unable to meet its obligations to pay its depositors and other creditors and so must go out of business) meant that depositors would have to wait to get their deposit funds until the bank was liquidated (until its assets had been turned into cash); at that time, they would be paid only a fraction of the value of their deposits (Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). Unable to learn if bank managers were taking on too much risk or were outright crooks, depositors would be reluctant to put none in the bank, thus making banking institutions less viable. Second, depositors lack of information about the quality of bank assets can lead to bank panics, which, can have serious harmful consequences for the economy. To see this, consider the following situation. There is no deposit insurance, and an adverse shock hits the economy. As a result of the shock, 5% of the banks have such large losses on loans that they become insolvent (have a negative net worth and so are bankrupt). Because of asymmetric information, depositors are unable to tell whether their bank is a good bank or one of the % that are insolvent. Depositors at bad and good banks recognize that they may not get back 1 00 cents on the dollar for their deposits and will want to with draw them. Indeed, because banks operate on a sequential service constraint (a first come, first served basis), depositors have a very strong incentive to show up at the bank first, because it they are last in line, the bank may run out of funds and they will get nothing. Uncertainty about the health of the banking system in general can lead to runs on banks both good and bad, and the failure of one bank can hasten the failure of others. If nothing is one to restore the publics confidence, a bank panic can ensue. Indeed, bank panics were a fact of American life in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, with major ones occurring every 20 years or so in 1819, 1837, 1857, 1873, 1884, 1893, 1907, and 1930, 1933. Bank failures were a serious problem even during the boom years of the 1 sass, when the number of bank failures averaged around 600 per year (Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). A government safety net for depositors can short circuit runs on banks and bank panics, and by providing protection for the depositor, it can overcome reluctance to put ends in the banking system. One form of the safety net is deposit insurance, a guarantee such as that provided by the federal deposit insurance corporation (FIDE) in the United States in which depositors are paid off in full on the first $ 100,000 they have deposited in a bank no matter what happens to the bank. With fully insured deposits, depositors dont need to run to the bank to make with drawls even fifthly are worried about the banks health because their deposits will be worth 100 cents on the dollar no matter what. From 1930 to 1933, the years immediately proceeding the creation of the FIDE, he number of bank failures averaged more than 2,000 per year. After the establishment of the FIDE in 1 934, bank failures averaged fewer than 15 per year until 1981 (Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). The FIDE uses two primary methods to handle a failed bank. In the first, called the payoff method, the FIDE allows the bank to fail and pays off deposits up to the $1 00,000 insurance limit (with funds acquired from the insurance premiums paid by the banks who have bought FIDE insurance). After the bank has been liquidated the FIDE lines up with other creditors of the bank and is paid its hare of the proceeds from the liquidated assets. Typically, when the payoff method is used, account holders with deposits in excess of the $ 1 00,000 limit get back more than 90 cents on the dollar, although the process can take several years to complete (Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). Moral Hazard And The Government Safety Net Although a government safety net has been successful at protecting depositors and preventing bank panics, it is a mixed blessing. The most serious drawback Of the government safety net stems from moral hazard, the incentives of one party to a transaction to engage in activities detrimental to he other party. Moral hazard is an important concern in insurance arrangements in general because the existence of insurance provides increased incentives for taking risks that might result in an insurance payoff. For example, some drivers with automobile collision insurance that has a low deductible might be more likely to drive recklessly, because if they get into an accident, the insurance company pays most of the costs for damage and repairs (Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). Adverse Selection and The Government Safety Net A further problem with a government safety net like deposit insurance arises cause of adverse selection, the fact that the people who are most likely to produce the adverse outcome insured against (bank failure) are those who most want to take advantage of the insurance. For example, bad drivers are more likely than good drivers to take out automobile collision insurance with a low deductible. Because depositors protected by a government safety net have little reason to impose discipline on the bank, risk loving entrepreneurs might find the banking industry a particularly attractive one to enter they know that they will be able to engage in highly risky activities (Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). Too Big To Fail The moral hazard created by a government safety net and the desire to prevent bank failures have presented bank regulators with a particular quandary. Because the failure of a very large bank makes it more likely that a major financial disruption will occur, bank regulators are naturally reluctant to allow a big bank to fail and cause losses to its depositors. Indeed, consider continental Illinois, one of the 10 largest banks in the United Stated when it became insolvent in May 1984 (Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). Not only did the FIDE errant depositors up to the $1 00,000 insurance limit but it also guaranteed accounts exceeding $ 100,000 and even prevented losses for continental Illinois bondholders. Shortly thereafter, the comptroller of the currency (the regulator of national banks) testified to congress that 11 of the largest banks would receive a similar treatment to that of continental Illinois. Although the comptroller did not use the term too big to fail (it was actually used by congressman Mckinney in those hearing), this term is now applied to a policy in which the government provides guarantees of repayment of large insured creditors of the largest banks, so that no depositor or creditor suffers a loss, even when they are not automatically entitled to this guarantee (Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). Financial consolidation and the government safety net with financial innovation and the passage of the rigger Neal interests banking infant branching and efficiency act of 1994 and the Grammar Leach Bailey financial services modernization act in 1999, financial consolidation has been proceeding at a rapid pace, leading to both larger and more complex banking organizations. Financial consolidation poses two challenges to banking exultation because of the existence of the government safety net. First, the increased size of banks as a result o financial consolidation increases the too big to fail problem, because there will now be more large institutions whose failure would expose the financial system to systemic (systemic) risk (Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). Thus, more banking institutions are likely to be treated as too big to fail, and the increased moral hazard incentives for these large institutions to take on greater risk can then increase the fragility of the financial system. Second, financial consolidation of banks with other financial arrives firms means that the government safety net may be extended to new activities, such as securities underwriting insurance or real estate activities, thereby increasing incentives for greater risk taking in these activities that can also weaken the fabric of the financial system. Limiting the moral hazard incentives for the larger more complex financial organizations that have arisen as a result of recent changes in legislation will be one of the key issues facing banking regulators in the future (Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). Restrictions On Asset Holdings And Bank Capital Requirements. The moral hazard associated with a government safety net encourages too much risk taking on the part of banks. Bank regulations that restrict asset holdings and bank capital requirements are directed at minimizing this moral hazard, which can cost the taxpayers dearly. Even in the absence of a government safety net, banks still have the incentive to take on too much risk. Risky assets may provide the bank with higher earnings when they pay off but if they do not pay off and the bank fails, depositors are left holding the bag. If depositors were able to monitor the bank easily by acquiring information on its taking activities, they would immediately withdraw their deposits if the bank was taking on too much risk (Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). To prevent such a loss of deposits, the bank would be more likely to reduce its risk taking activities. Unfortunately, acquiring information on a banks activities to learn how much risk the bank is taking can be a difficult task. Hence. Most depositors are incapable of imposing discipline that might prevent banks from engaging in risk activities. A strong rationale for government regulation to reduce risk taking on the part of banks therefore existed even before the establishment f federal deposit insurance. (Mish kin Snakeskin, 2009). Bank regulations that restrict banks from holding risky assets such as common stock are a direct means of making banks avoid too much risk. Bank regulations also promote diversification, which reduces risk by limiting the amount of loans in particular categories or to individual borrowers. Requirements that banks have sufficient bank capital are another way to reduce the banks incentives to take on risk. When a bank is forced to hold a large amount of equity capital, the bank has more to lose if it fails and is thus more likely to pursue sees risky activities (Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). Bank capital requirements take two forms. The first type is based on the leverage ratio, the amount of capital divided by the banks total assets. To be classified as well capitalized, a banks leverage ratio must exceed 5%; a lower leverage ratio, especially one below 3% triggers increased regulatory restrictions on the bank. Through most of the 1 sass. Minimum bank capital in the united States was set solely by specifying a minimum leverage ratio (Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). In the wake of the continental Illinois and savings and loans bailouts, regulators in the United States and the rest of the world have become increasingly worried about worried about banks holdings of risky assets and about the increase in banks off balance sheet activities, activities that involve trading financial instruments and generating income from fees. Which do not appear on bank balance sheets but nevertheless expose banks to risk. An agreement among banking officials from industrialized nations set up to risk. (Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). The Basel committee on banking supervision, which has implemented the Basel Accord that deals with a second type of capital requirements risk eased capital requirements. The Basel Accord, which required that banks hold as capital at least 8% of their risk weighted assets, has been adopted by more than 100 countries, including the United States. Assets and off balance sheet activities were allocated into in to four categories, each with a different weight to reflect the degree of credit risk. The first category carries a zero weight and includes items that have little default risk, such as reserves and government securities issued by the organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries (Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). The second category has a 20% weight and includes claims on banks in COED countries. The third category has a weight of 50% and includes municipal bonds and residential mortgages. The fourth category has the maximum weight of 100% and includes loans to consumers and corporations. Off balance sheet activities are treated in a similar manner by assigning a credit equivalent percentage that converts them to on balance sheet items to which the appropriate risk weight applies. The 1 996 market risk amendment to the Basel Accord set minimum capital requirements for risk in banks trading accounts (Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). Over time, limitations of the Basel Accord have become apparent, because the regulatory measure of bank risk as stipulated by the risk weights can differ substantially from the actual risk the bank faces. This has resulted in regulatory arbitrage, a practice in which banks keep on their books assets that have the same risk based capital requirement but are relatively risky, such as a loan to a company with a very low credit rating, while taking off their books low risk assets, such as a loan to a company with a very high credit rating(Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). Bank Supervision: Chartering And Examination Overseeing who operates banks and how they are operated, referred to as bank supervision or more generally as prudential supervision, is an important method for reducing adverse selection and moral hazard in the banking business. Because banks can be used by crooks or overambitious entrepreneurs to engage in highly speculative activities, such undesirable people would be eager to run a bank. Chartering proposals for new banks are screened to prevent undesirable people from controlling them (Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). Regular onsite bank examinations, which allow regulators to monitors whether the bank is complying with capital requirements and restrictions on asset holdings, also function to limit moral hazard. Bank examiners give banks a CAMELS rating. The acronym is based on the six area: assessed: capital adequacy, asset quality, management, earning, liquidity, NC sensitivity to market risk. With this information about a banks activities, regulators can enforce regulations by taking such formal actions as cease NC desist orders to alter the banks behavior or even close a bank it its CAMELS rating is sufficiently low (Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). Actions taken to red cue oral hazard by restricting banks from taking on too much risk help reduce the adverse selection problem further, because with less opportunity for risk taking, risk loving entrepreneurs will be less likely to be attracted to the banking industry. Note that the methods regulators use to cope with adverse selection and moral hazard have their counterparts in private financial markets (Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). Chartering is similar to the screening of potential borrowers, regulations restricting risky asset holdings are similar to restrictive covenants that prevent borrowing firms from engaging in risk risky investment activities, bank capital requirements act like restrictive covenants that require minimum amounts Of net worth for borrowing firms, and regular bank examinations are similar to the monitoring of borrowers by lending institutions (Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). Assessment Of Risk Management Traditionally, on site bank examinations have focused primarily on assessment of the quality of the banks balance sheet at a point in time and whether it complies with capital requirements and restrictions on asset holdings. Although the traditional focus is important for reducing excessive sis taking by banks, it is no longer felt to be adequate in todays world, in which financial innovation has produced new markets and instruments that make it easy for banks and their employees to make huge bets easily and quickly. In this new financial environment, a bank that is healthy at a particular point in time can be driven into insolvency extremely rapidly from trading losses, as forcefully demonstrated by the failure of Baring in 1 995 (Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). Thus, an examination that focuses only on banks position at a point in time may not be effective in indicating whether a bank ill, in fact, be taking on excessive risk in the near future (Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). This change in the financial environment for baking institutions has resulted in a major shift in thinking about the bank supervisory process throughout the world. Bank examiners are now placing far greater emphasis On evaluating the soundness of a banks management processes with regard to controlling risk. This shift in thinking was reflected In a new focus on risk management in the Federal Reserve Systems 1 993 guidelines to examiners on trading and derivatives activities. The focus was expanded and formalized n the Trading Activities Manual issued early in 1 994, which provided bank examiners with tools to evaluate risk management systems (Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). In late 1 995, the federal Reserve and the Comptroller of the Currency announced that they would be assessing risk management processes at the banks they supervise. Now bank examiners give a separate risk management rating from 1 to 5 that fees into the overall management rating as part of the CAMELS system. Four elements of sound risk management are assessed to come up with the risk management rating: (1 ) the quality of oversight revived by the board of directors and senior management, (2) the adequacy of policies and limits for all activities that present significant risk, (3) the quality of the risk measurement and monitoring systems, and (4) the adequacy of internal controls to prevent fraud or unauthorized activities on the part of employees. This shift toward focusing on management processes is also reflected in recent guidelines adopted by the US bank regulatory authorities to deal with interest rate risk. These guidelines require the banks board of directors to establish interest rate risk limits, appoint officials of the ann. to manage this risk, and monitor the banks risk exposure (Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). The guidelines also require that senior management of a bank develop formal risk management policies and procedures to ensure that the board of directors risk limits is not violated and to implement internal controls to monitor interest rate risk and compliance with the boards directives. Particularly important is the implementation of stress testing, which calculates losses under dire scenarios, or value at risk (VARY) calculations, who ICC measure the size of the loss on a trading portfolio that eight happen 1 % of the time say, over a two week period (Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). Disclosure Requirements To ensure that there is better information for depositors and the marketplace, regulators can require that banks adhere to certain standard accounting prince plea and disclose a wide range of information that helps the market assess the quality of a banks portfolios and the amount of the banks exposure to risk (Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). Consumer Protection The existence of asymmetric information also suggests that consumers may not have enough information to protect themselves fully. Consumer redirecting regulation has taken several forms. First is truth in lending mandated under the consumer protection act of 1969, which requires all lenders, not just banks, to provide information to consumers about the cost of borrowing, including a standardized interest rate and the total finance charges on the loan (Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). Restrictions On Competition Increased competition can also increase moral hazard incentives for banks to take on more risk. Declining profitability as a result of increased competition could tip the incentives of bankers toward assuming greater risk in an effort o maintain former profit levels. Thus, governments in many countries have instituted regulations to protect banks from competition. These regulations have taken too forms in the United Stated in the past. First were restrictions on branching, such as those described in charter 18, which reduced competition between banks, but were eliminated in 1994. The second form involved preventing embank institutions from competing with banks by engaging in banking business, as embodied in the Glass Steal Act, which was repealed in 1999 (Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). International Banking Regulation Because asymmetric information problems in the banking industry are a fact of life throughout the world, bank regulation in other countries is similar to that in the United Stated. Banks are chartered and supervised by government regulators, just as they are in the United Stated. Deposit insurance is also a feature of the regulatory system in most other developed countries, although its coverage is often smaller than in the United Stated NC is intentionally not advertised (Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). Problems Is Regulating International Banking Particular problems in bank regulation occur when banks are engaged in international banking and thus can readily shift their business from one country to another. Bank regulators closely examine the domestic operations of banks in their country, but they often do not have the knowledge or ability to keep a close watch on bank operations in other countries, either by domestic banks foreign affiliates or by foreign banks with domestic branches (Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). Banking Regulation In Dominican Republic The first signs of banking regulation in Dominican Republic appear with the emergence of the National Bank of Santos Domingo, AS in 1869. In 1909, the Dominican Government promulgated the first General Banking Law, where specific regulations for mortgage banks, issuers and sharecropping are established and emerging credit institutions with the characteristics of commercial banks under the supervision and control of the Ministry of Finance and Commerce, known today Ministry of Finance, which was equipped with auditors appointed by the executive branch in each bank to exercise control (Tortes N;fizz 2014). The year 1947 marked the transformation of the Dominican financial system; Dominican Monetary Unit, the Central Bank and the Superintendence of Banks, the latter under Law No. 530 of October 9, 1 947, a law that creates the foundation for the supervision and regulation Of financial Dominican Sis-theme is created (Tortes N;hex 2014). The economist Virgil ?Avarice Sniche will be the first to hold the position of Superintendent of Banks, a position he occupied for two years. In principle, the task of supervision which performed this entity was simple considering the limited business operations of that era and its main function was the authorization of new offices (Tortes N;ex 2014). The No. 1530 law that gave rise to the Superintendence of Banks will be amended and replaced y Law 708, General Banking Law of 14 April 1965, where it is put in charge of this entity implementation and administration of the scheme legal for banks, under the aegis of the Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Finance today.

Article Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Article - Assignment Example Many such examples are widely known today. The three times hybridization of the prairie sunflower with the common sunflower that results in the generation of three different types of sunflowers, namely the puzzle sunflower, the desert sunflower, and the sand sunflower is one good example. (Carroll, 2010). In this case, it has been possible to make the hybrids survive in extreme weather conditions that the parent sunflowers did not have an ability to. It has been discovered through research that the sand sunflower and the puzzle sunflower can grow in dune and salty habitat respectively while the parent sunflowers can not. It is not only about survival, the hybrids can actually germinate and grow in areas which were harsh towards their parents in terms of extremity of habitat conditions. Thus, one potential advantage of hybridization is that it can be chosen as a means to ensure the sustainability of various plant and animal species. Manual hybridization of animal and plant species can cause the parent species to develop hybrids with various genetic disorders that include but are not limited to the increased susceptibility of the hybrid to acquiring diseases, impotency and shortened life periods. This causes such hybrids as mules (hybrids of horse and donkey) and zorses (hybrids of horses and zebras) to become extinct as they are not equipped with the tendency to prolong their generation. Besides, it is also not justifiable from an ethical point of view in that such animals and plants suffer from infertility, and there is little awareness of the medication that suits them when they require a treatment for their frequently acquired diseases. Hybridization of animals can cause many more challenges for the future generations as compared to the hybridization of plants particularly because disorders with the former are more obvious and

Software Design Defects Detection and Classification Literature review

Software Design Defects Detection and Classification - Literature review Example This essentially refers to â€Å"fitness for use†. On a detailed elucidation of quality, software design defects come into the picture. Quality software not only meets the full user requirements, but is also usable for the purpose it was designed( Du Bois, Verelst and Demeyer 2004). Given the software process as earlier mentioned morphs the information from one form to another, errors are likely to occur in any of the forms (user needs, design, code etc.) of the product. This paper focuses on the design of software and the relation to the overall product. Generally, it ties software quality management to the success of the software process. In a more specific perspective, realised by careful examination of the models and frameworks of the software process, the paper reviews the software design defects are detected. The models reviewed are an indispensable part of software development and as such, it is important to examine how they help â€Å"clean up† the software proc ess(Leszak, Perry and Stoll 2002). In addition, the paper classifies the software design defects â€Å"shortcomings† that stem from poor design of software. In software development, the writing of a defect free code is one of the major concerns. This concern is cuts across the e software development and object oriented programming community. ... The shortcoming of this approach was that the same defects would still be realised in another software process(Moha and Gueheneuc 2005). It is important to consider the uniqueness, of each piece of software. They are designed as artefacts and meant to serve the user needs adequately. However, the process – individuals, tools, methodology- followed are is the same. This aspect of software development shows that the defects in the process are likely to be repeated. Applying quality management â€Å"control† on the software process is being adopted as a guarantee to achieve software quality. Total quality management of the software design aims at continuously improving the quality of the end product( Kessentini, Sahraoui and Boukadoum 2011 ). Managing the software design by controlling the end product at the design stage is a technique to curve out the causes of defects. This technique adopts a set of practices throughout the software process and is aimed at consistently m eeting the end user needs. While focussing on the software design defects, it is important to note that poor customer requirements elicitation could contribute to poor design of the software (Moha 2007). The focus here is the practices of software management adopted to counter software defects and detect the defects. Most importantly, the main idea is using established processes to catch the software design defects. From this perspective, we are able to examine how total quality management – continuous management of the process – is effected using the design The development of code for software development is a practice that requires skill and experience, producing a design defect free code that does

The Importance Of Travel Insurance Commerce Essay

The Importance Of Travel Insurance Commerce Essay Travel insurance includes insurance thats supposed to cover financial and medical expenses and other losses as youre traveling, either internationally or inside your own country. Travel insurance that is temporary could be arranged at the booking time of the trip to cover the duration of the trip, or a more extensive insurance could be bought from travel agents, travel insurance companies or from travel suppliers like tour operators or cruiselines. Travel insurance oftentimes provides coverage for different travelers. Travel insurance bought from travel suppliers is less inclusive than insurance provided by the insurance companies. International travel, cruise travel, adventure travel, leisure travel, business travel and student travel are all different choices which could be insured.   The more popular complications which are covered by this type of insurance include:   Return of a minor kid   Trip interruption/cancellation   Overseas funeral expenditures   Departure thats delayed   Baggage thats delayed   Rental car damage excess and personal liability   Medical expenses   Emergency repatriation/evacuation   Repatriation of remains   Disablement benefit, injury or accidental death   Curtailment   Damage to, theft of, or loss of money and personal possessions   Legal help   The insurers will cover pregnancy related expenditures, if the travel happens inside the 1st trimester. Following that, the insurance coverage differs from each insurer.   This type of insurance could additionally offer assistance services, oftentimes around the clock, seven days per week which could involve emergency travel assistance and concierge services.   Traveling insurance for the period of a journey is priced at around five to seven percent of the price of a trip.   Employment Insurance   Employment insurance includes a kind of insurance that offers financial support for the policyholder in the instance that he or she loses her or his job. Employment insurance is translated into unemployment benefits. Employment insurance might be offered by the government as a type of government financial aid or social security insurance. In this instance, employment insurance might refer to the funds offered by the government to cover any living expenses of an individual who unpredictably loses her or his job. Employment insurance of this kind is obtainable just for a short duration of transition til the individual locates another job. Additonally, there includes these kind of insurance policies obtainable for buy within insurance companies that are private.   Insurance for employment is sold as a portion of a loan or credit card package from lending institutions or banks. This type of insurance becomes a type of liability insurance where the individual doesnt benefit directly. Unemployment benefits of this kind dont offer funds which cover the price of living. Instead, the sole reason of this kind of unemployment benefit is for the individual to offer guarantee to the lending institution or bank that a loan will be paid, even if the individual unexpectedly loses her or his income.   This type of insurance covers liabilities and costs incurred by the insured individual as she or he unexpectedly loses his or her job. The kinds of financial aid offered by this kind of insurance include payment for financial obligations, like loans, as well as cost of living allowance.   Liability Inusrance   There includes several different kinds of insurance policies obtainable, yet liability insurance is one of the more common due to it costing less than the other choices. Regarding car insurance policies, liability insurance is priced less than full coverage. The purpose for this is due to full coverage insurance paying for both your car as well as any other car included in the accident, and medical expenses and property damage due to injuries to another party or you.   On the flip side, liability insurance is solely responsible for the other persons losses. Your and your property will be left unprotected, yet liability insurance will protect you from being held responsible for the other persons damages.   There includes various kinds of liability insurance, involving general liability, that operates in a similar way as car insurance, yet covers businesses.   The term D O liability means directors and officers liability and is supposed to cover the omissions or acts of the ones in the position of officer or director. A whole company ought not be held liable for the failure to act, actions, statements or other errors which are the responsibility of a director or officer.   Employer liability is additonally referred to as workers comp, and its a mandatory type of liability coverage which every business needs to possess.   Professional liability is almost the same as malpractice insurance, though coverage might not be as comprehensive as a few malpractice policies within various fields. The reason for professional liability would be to protect the ones seen as experts or professionals within a field, who might not be protected by general liability because of their expertise.   Credit Insurance   Credit insurance is a phrase utilized to define both consumer credit insurance as well as business credit insurance, that is, credit unemployment insurance, credit disability insurance and credit life insurance.   The easiest method of differentiating between these 2 kinds of insurance is:   Consumer credit insurance includes credit insurance which customers buy to insure payment of credit that is extended to the customer.   Business credit insurance includes credit insurance which businesses buy to insure payment of credit that is extended by a business.   Consumer credit insurance includes a method of customers to insure repayment of the loans even if the borrower loses a job, becomes disabled or passes away. Consumer credit insurance could be bought to insure all types of consumer loans involving home mortgage borrowing, loans from finance companies, credit card debt and auto loans. Though bought by the borrower/consumer, the benefit payment will go to the company financing the buy or extending credit toward the customer.   The trade or credit insurance is a risk management product and insurance policy which covers a payment risk that results from the delivery of services or goods. Trade insurance typically pays an agreed percentage of a receivable or invoice which stays unpaid as the result of a protracted default, bankruptcy or insolvency and covers a portfolio of buyers. Trade insurance is bought by business entities in order to insure that their accounts receivable from loss was caused by the insolvency of debtors. This type of product isnt obtainable to individual people.   Health Insurance   Health insurance is a kind of collectivism where the individuals pool collectively their risk, and in this instance, the risk of incurring medical expenditures. The collective will be organized on a non-profit basis for the pool members and is publicly owned, although pools of health insurance, within a few countries, might additionally be managed by the for-profit companies. At times, its utilized broadly to incorporate insurance covering long-term nursing, disability or custodial care necessities. It might be offered via the government-sponsored social insurance plan, or from insurance companies that are private. It might be bought upon a group basis or bought by a single person. In either instance, the individuals or covered groups pay a premium, fee or taxto assist in protecting themselves from unpredictable healthcare expenditures.   The U.S. system of health care heavily relies upon private health insurance, the main coverage source for many Americans. Fifty-eight percent of Americans possess private health insurance, according to the CDC. Public plans offer the main coverage source for seniors as well as children and families with low-incomes who meet specific qualification requirements. The main public plans include Medicare, a federal social insurance plan for senior citizens and specific disabled people, Medicaid, thats funded jointly by the states and federal government, yet administered at the state level, that covers specific low income families and their children, as well as SCHIP, additionally a federal-state partnership which serves specific families and children who arent eligible for Medicaid, yet who cant afford coverage that is private.   Property Insurance   Property insurance offers protection against a majority of risks to property, like theft, fire and weather damage. This involves specialized types of insurance like boiler insurance, home insurance, earthquake insurance, flood insurance or fire insurance. The property will be insured within 2 primary ways named perils and open perils. Named perils require the specific loss cause to be listed within an insurance policy to be offered. Open perils will cover every bit of the loss causes not solely excluded within a policy. Some common exclusions on open peril policies involve damage that results from war, acts of terrorism, nuclear incidents, floods and earthquakes.  Ã‚   There includes 3 kinds of property insurance coverage. Specific cash value coverage offers replacement price minus the depreciation. Extended replacement price will pay above the coverage limit if the prices for construction increase. As you receive property insurance, the limit for coverage is the maximum quantity the company of property insurance will pay out in the instance of property loss. The quantity will have to fluctuate if houses within the neighborhood rise. Household content replacement will be tabulated as a percentage of the value of your house in the instance of a fire. A policy could pay for alternative arrangements of living if a fire makes your house uninhabitable. One final coverage choice will be to possess alternative living arrangements incorporated into the policy. Replacement cost coverage will pays the price of replacing your property regardless of its appreciation or depreciation. The premiums for replacement cost coverage are based upon replacement price va lues.   Life Insurance   In order to clear up any confusion, life insurance is made to protect the ones you love from financial disaster in the case of your death. Understanding this, it is vital that you establish if you require life insurance and how much you need to buy.   You usually require life insurance if:   You possess children who are dependent   The retirement funds you have arent enough to offer for your spouse a secure future   You possess a huge estate   You possess a spouse   Elderly parents or relatives depend upon your income  Ã‚   You own your own business   If you do not possess dependents, you might still want to buy an insurance policy in order to prevent becoming a financial burden to the ones you love. Young singles will additionally benefit from buying insurance while they are healthy and young, permitting them to secure a lower premium for furture years.   The beneficiaries of the life insurance policy could utilize the proceeds from the life insurance to:   Pay any estate taxes   Pay for daily expenses such as clothing, childcare and food   Donate to a charity   Pay for funeral costs and last expenses   Pay off any existing debts such as credit card debt, car loan or mortgage   Put toward your spouses fund for retirement   Deciding how much insurance the ones you love will require to maintain their living quality could be difficult. Experts advise buying between five and ten times your yearly salary.   Home Insurance   The main activity while identifying home insurance is to examine what falls outside of basic coverage, you ought to then create a plan for retaining, transferring, reducing or avoiding the exposures as they might be required. Its usually ideal to fill gaps prior to serious uninsured losses occuring. Home insurance doesnt imply cheaper coverage, and determinations ought not be based only upon cost.   Your home insurance policy ought to possess coverage of these parts:   Theft, destruction, or damage to your property  Ã‚   Prices of living expenses within cases of loss   No-fault medical payments to those injured upon your property   Destruction or damage of the detached structures  Ã‚   Personal liability for all property damage and injuries   A vital factor to keep in mind is that your house must be insured for one-hundred percent of the estimated new replacement price. If you insure for depreciated or original value, depreciation will be deducted from the costs of repair and the claim payments will be significantly decreased.   The added premium ought to make it simpler than facing hundreds in losses if the value of the house has appreciated. Ten percent is involved for detached structures, for instance, if the home is insured for $350,000, coverage for $35,000 is involved for detached structures. Its recommended to include the extra coverage for replacement value for the structures that are detached.   For your home insurance to be effective, it might require some proper planning to receive the ideal value in obtaining cheaper home insurance.   Auto Insurance   Many states require their drivers to have auto insurance prior to issuing an auto registration, so its a policy that you cant avoid if you possess a vehicle. The lingo of auto insurance could be especially complicated to comprehend, yet its worth studying if you do not wish to pay premiums that are excessive.   The initial theory of auto insurance is that the policy will cover a certain vehicle. This will mean that youre not covered while driving other vehicles, like your brothers jalopy, unless the policy especially involves them. Because of potential damage to the vehicle itself or injuries that are caused by the automobile, the policy additionally insures the individuals who ride or drive within the car. Primarily, the auto insurance policy will cover your family and you. But, if you allow somebody else to operate your vehicle, like a relative or friend, she or he additionally will be covered on the policy.   Your auto insurance is many types of coverage mixed into a single policy. The main components of coverage include underinsured and uninsured motorist, personal injury, medical payments, comprehensive, collision, property damage and bodily injury.   A few facilities will ask questions which differentiate your automobile usage from the population that is general. But, as it comes to several factors which may decrease the premium, like whether you work full-time or part-time, or the amount of trips you usually make in a week, the risk from heavy drivers will be shared across the whole portfolio of users.   We are a small, independent company, which runs through talent and creativity. We provide our client with highly customized solutions which more closely meet their needs and reflect their company most accurately. We treat every project as a masterpiece, an art that will cater to a worldwide audience. Furthermore, being a small, home-based company, we can offer you the most affordable deal and we can start working with a much lower fee.   We offer  personalized creative design solutions  to meet your needs. Here at ARTUS 360, we create websites that get results.